Objective: To study the relationship between physical health of college students and the risk of sports injuries, and to provide a reference for sports injuries prevention. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to select 1 237 college students from grade 1 to 4 majoring liberal arts, sciences, and sports (non sports students) in Shanghai. The three types of physical fitness test scores of form, function and quality were used to investigate the occurrence of sports injuries of students in the past year through self report. Logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression and two piecewise linear regression models were used. Results: The incidence of sports injuries among college students was 12.5% (155). There was a non linear relationship between physical health score and the occurrence of sports injury events. When the physical health score was less than 70, there was negatively correlated with the risk of sports injury ( OR = 0.88 , 95% CI =0.85-0.91, P <0.05). When the physical fitness score was greater than or equal to 70, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of sports injury between different scores ( OR = 0.98 , 95% CI =0.95-1.02, P >0.05). Conclusion The physical health level of college students is negatively related with the risk of sports injury. It is recommended that college students have a physical fitness score of at least 70 points.