Purpose: To detect the prognostic factors for early primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated by various treatments.Materials and Methods:32 aptients with stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated from January, 1970 to November, 1987 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary sites of cancers were: 15 in stomach, 10 in ileocecal region, 4 in large bowel and 3 in small bowel. 24 patients underwent curative resection, 7 patients underwent incomplete resection and 1,unresectable. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to all patients.Among them, 14 patients received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy.Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was 59.4%(19/32).Conclusion: The main prognostic factors are the site of primary tumor, depth of invasion, stages and modalities of managements.Sex, age, and histologic does not influence the survivals.

Distinguish between the medical accident and the medical malpractice and the definitude of their responsibility, are propitious to solve and mitigate the conflict between the doctors and the patients. The text compares the medical accident with the medical malpractice, from their definition, elements and respond.

Respecting patients' informed consent right is not only the request of both patients and society,but it is the duty of law and ethics as well.Hospitals should respect the freedom of patients,fulfill the duty of caring and informing,and combine the adjustment of law and moral.

0.05),but incidence of postoperative complications and residual calculus in LC+LCBDE group were significant lower than those in LC+EST group.Conclusions Combining LC with LCBDE is a feasible treatment for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.

Background and purpose:Backgrounds and Objective: Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound,there are some distinct differeuces in mechanism between cisplatin and oxaliplatin,and oxaliplatin is less toxic Poorly differentiated cartinoma is the most common histological type,for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,although radiotherapy is the basic therapeutic approach to nasopharyngeal carcinoma,chemotherapy is also important for recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma,so in this work we analyzed the effects of oxaliplatin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines in vitro.Methods:CNE2 was incubated with oxaliplatin at various concentrations and times,cell growth inhibition was assessed by MTT-microculture tetrazolium assay,cell-cycle kinetics and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy transmission electron.Results:Growth of CNE2 cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent and time-dependment fashion.The inhibition of cell growth inhibition was(95.6?0.7)% after incubation with 100 ug/ml oxaliplatin for 48 hours,the cell was arrested at G_(2)/M and apoptosis was induced.When CNE2 cells were treated with oxaliplatin at the concentration of 0、0.03、4.0、100 ?g/ml,the rates of CNE2 cell apoptosis were(0.19?0.17)% 、(0.37?0.09)%、(5.50?1.08)%、(9.43?0.09)%,respectively.24 hours after 20 ?g/ml the CNE2 cells were characterized by chromatin condensation,chromatin crescent formation,nucleus fragmentation and apoptosis body by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusions:Oxaliplatin suppresses the growth of CNE2 cells in vitro by causing cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis.

Purpose:To study the efficacy and the toxic side effects of high dose epirubicin containing combination regimen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods:16 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with epirubicin (EPI) 100 mg/m 2,CTX 600 mg/m 2,5 FU 500 mg/m 2,every 21 days,Each patient was given at least 2 cycles. Results:There were 2 CR and 9 PR, the overall response rate was 68.8% (11/16). Main side effects were grade Ⅰ—Ⅱ leucopenia, nausea and vomitting, alopecia.Conclusions:This study confirmed that combination chemotherapy with high dose epirubicin is a safe and effective regimen for patients with advanced breast cancer and is worthy of further clinical trial.

Objective:To investigate the status of parenting locus of control for middle school students in Hunan and explore its impact factors. Methods: The 5583 middle school students and their parents were sampled randomly using stratified sampling. The self-developed questionnaire and the Parenting Locus of Control Scale (PLOC) were self-administered in them. Results: The average scores of PLOC and five factors were 126.8?11.2, 24.5?3.9, 29.5?4.3, 17.2?3.2, 27.9?4.7 and 28.2?4.5 respectively. T test, analysis of variance, and q test showed, region, grade, type of school, and gender were statistically significant factors of total PLOC and five factors (P

Objective To observe the adverse reactions of acute stage and late stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Methods 89 patients were investigated in the outpatient department by form.The median follow-up time was 3 years (2-23 years).Results In the acute stage,the ratios of serious xerostomia [78.7 ％(70/89)],the ear reaction [66.3 ％ (59/89)] and nose impairment [64.0 ％ (57/89)] were very high.In the late stage 79.8 ％ (71/89) patients developed radioactive tympanitis,in which 53.9 ％ (48/89) patients induced hearing loss,42.7 ％ (38/89) patients developed dry nose or nasal excessive discharge.The rate of serious xerostomia was 11.2 ％ (10/89),66.3 ％(59/89) patients suffered from superficial and more serious caries.Conclusion The rates of the radioactive tympanitis and caries stayed high in the late stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Concurreut chemoradiotherapy is probable to increase or aggravate the incidence of adverse reactions in the acute stage,but don’t show an effect on the late stage reaction.

Objective To evaluate the application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of traumatic hemothorax. Methods We performed VATS in 60 cases of traumatic hemothorax with medium amount of bleeding or above from March 2000 to March 2004, including 12 cases accompanying the prodrome of shock and 6 cases associated with injuries of liver or spleen. Unilateral VATS was carried out in 48 cases, all of which were completed under thoracoscope except 3 cases of heart injuries were supplemented with mini-incision repair. Bilateral VATS was conducted in 6 cases and the combination of thoracoscopy with laparoscopy was required in 6 cases. Results The operation time was 45～175 min (mean, 105 min) and the postoperative hospital stay was 7～13 days (mean, 11 days). No complication occurred. Conclusions VATS in the management of traumatic hemothorax is safe, effective and minimally invasive, with a relatively short operation time and quick recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide,a component of an aqueous extract of Astragalus Membranaceus roots,on differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Methods 30 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups,normal control group,100,200 mg/kg APS intraperitoneal injection groups. After one week,weight the mouse spleen,account the splenetic index. Collect the mouse bone marrow cell,induced and cultured with rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. With inverted microscope to investigate the morphous of DC cell. The phenotypes of DC were detected by flow cytometry and the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum was tested by ELISA. Results Astragalus polysaccharide injection had obvious effects on the spleen weight of mice. The degree of CD11c and MHC-Ⅱ expression in 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups on flow cytometry were advanced significantly compared with that in normal control group,but the degree of CD80 and CD86 was not increased. And the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum in 100 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were both not increased significantly compared with nomal control group. Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of astragalus polysaccharide could stimulate the proliferation of the pre DC in bone marrow. The angtigen presentation of DC might be enhanced,but this effects was not positive correlation with concentration of GM-CSF.