PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the effects of attitude to death in hospice and palliative professionals on their terminal care stress, and to analyze relationships among variables related to the two aforementioned parameters, such as depression and coping strategies. METHODS: Participants were 131 hospice and palliative professionals from the cancer units of two tertiary hospitals and two general hospitals, two hospice facilities, two geriatric hospitals, and two convalescent hospitals in J province. Data were collected from April through June 2015 and analyzed using t-test, factor analysis, ANOVA (Scheffe test), ANCOVA, and Pearson's correlation and a path analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. RESULTS: The score for attitude to death was low (2.63), and that for depression was 0.45. Among all, 16.0% of the participants showed need for depression management. They scored 3.82 on terminal care stress. The subcategory with the highest mark was inner conflicts on limitation given availability of medical services (4.04). The score on coping strategy was low (3.13). They used passive coping strategies such as interpersonal avoidance (4.03), fulfilling basic needs (3.65) such as sleeping or eating. Attitudes to death had a direct negative effect on the terminal care stress level and indirectly affected through depression and fulfilling basic needs (CS2). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide hospice and palliative professionals with education on death and dying, as well as access to programs that provide emotional support and promote positive cognition of death and dying.
Attitude to Death* ; Cognition ; Depression ; Eating ; Education ; Hospices* ; Hospitals, Convalescent ; Hospitals, General ; Terminal Care* ; Tertiary Care Centers

The article introduced some advantages and models of regional general hospitals. The relationship between development of regional general hospitals and strengthening the district health centers also was recommended.
Hospitals ; Community Health Centers ; Hospitals, General

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of resilience to burnout and work satisfaction of hospice volunteers. METHODS: Participants included 235 regular volunteers at hospice facilities of two university hospitals and four general hospitals located in Busan. The study instruments were the scale of resilience to burnout and work satisfaction. The scale of resilience to burnout consisted of six dimensions (professional competency, accomplishment and worthiness, firm belief and value about their profession, good teamwork, support by their agency, and individual resources) and 31 items which were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, whereas the scale of work satisfaction consisted of 6 items which were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean score of resilience to burnout and work satisfaction of participants were 3.59 and 3.69, respectively. The highest and lowest scores of resilience to burnout were individual resources (3.81) and accomplishment and worthiness (3.36). There were significant differences in resilience to burnout scores, depending on religion, health status, type of hospice facilities, and period of volunteer experience. There were significant differences in work satisfaction scores, depending on gender, religion, education level, health status, and type of hospice facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous education and efficient management need to be developed to improve the level of resilience to burnout and work satisfaction of hospice volunteers.
Hospices ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Job Satisfaction

The objective of this study was to examine job satisfaction status and its related factors among dietitians working in hospitals. A survey questionnaire was sent to dietitians working in tertiary, general, and convalescent hospitals in Korea. The study sample hospitals included all tertiary hospitals (n=43), and the sample of general hospitals (n=114) and convalescent hospitals (n=240) was randomly selected using a stratified sampling method. A total of 665 dietitians completed the survey questionnaire. The questionnaire included 27 job satisfaction questions on task, stability.vision, working conditions, and relationship areas, and the questions on task improvement need. The job satisfaction scores in all four areas ranged from 2.53/5.00 to 3.89/5.00, implying generally low job satisfaction level in hospital dietitians. The job satisfaction levels in the convalescent hospital group were significantly lower compared to those in the tertiary and general hospital groups. Whereas job satisfaction levels of tertiary and convalescent hospital groups did not differ by number of beds, those of the general hospital group increased significantly with the number of beds for all four areas. Multivariate regression analysis results showed that hospital type was a significant predictor of job satisfaction level for all four areas. Job satisfaction of relationship area was also significantly affected by the number of beds, whereas that of working conditions was influenced by annual income and working experience. The study findings provide useful information in planning clinical dietitians' optimal supply outlook for the improvement of clinical nutrition services.
Hospitals, Convalescent ; Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction* ; Korea ; Nutritionists* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers

Objective: To analyze the reported characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children aged 0-14 years in four provinces (municipalities), Beijing, Hubei, Chongqing and Sichuan, in China, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of pulmonary TB in children. Methods: The incidence data of childhood pulmonary TB were collected from notifiable disease and tuberculosis management information system of Chinese information system for disease control and prevention,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the medical care seeking flow, characteristics and management inclusion of pulmonary TB cases in children. Statistical analysis and data visualization were conducted with softwares Excel 2015, R 4.1.2 and Echart 4.7.0. Results: A total of 6 811 pulmonary TB cases in children were reported in the four provinces during 2019-2021, in which 4 741 (69.6%) were clinically diagnosed and 2 070 (30.4%) were laboratory confirmed. A total of 526 medical institutions reported TB cases in children, including 356 general hospitals (67.7%, 356/526) reporting 4 706 cases, 11 infectious disease hospitals (2.1%, 11/526) reporting 836 cases and 5 children's hospitals (1.0%, 5/526) reporting 542 cases. A total of 6 249 (91.7%) local cases and 562 (8.3%) non-local cases were reported. The reported local incidence rates of TB from 2019-2021 were 6.20/100 000, 7.10/100 000 and 7.20/100 000, respectively, showing an increase trend year by year. The sex ratio of the cases were 0.98∶1(3 373∶3 438). The cases were mainly distributed in age group 10-14 years (4 887 cases, 71.8%). The cases were mainly students (5 167 cases, 75.9%). The management inclusion rates of the local cases and non-local cases were 20.60% and 2.67%, respectively. Conclusions: The main medical institutions reporting pulmonary TB cases in children were children's hospitals, infectious disease hospitals and TB special hospitals, the incidence of pulmonary TB in children in Sichuan was higher. In 2020, the inter-provincial medical seeking behavior of the pulmonary TB cases decreased significantly. The incidence rate in boys was lower than that in girls, and children aged 10-14 years were the population with high incidence of pulmonary TB. The management inclusion rate in non-local cases was lower than that in local cases.
Male ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology* ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; China/epidemiology* ; Asian People ; Hospitals, General

PURPOSE: Maintaining a sufficient and competent rural nursing workforce is an important goal of the Chinese health delivery system. However, few studies have investigated the health training status or conducted a needs assessment of rural Chinese nurses during this time of great transformations in health policy. This study was conducted to explore the current health training status of nurses working in rural Chinese township health centers (THCs) and to ascertain their perceived needs. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted among 240 THC nurses in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China from March 2014 to August 2014. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the Second Chinese Survey of Demographic Data and Training Demand for Health Professionals in THCs developed by the Ministry of Education. RESULTS: The nurses in THCs were young, with a low educational level. Their perceived needs for health training included further clinical studies at city-level hospitals to improve their skills and theoretical studies at medical universities in emergency medicine and general practice. Overall, 71.9% of the nurses with a secondary technical school background expected to pursue junior college studies, and 68.5% of the nurses with a junior college education expected to pursue a bachelor's degree. A decentralized program with theoretical studies at medical universities and practical studies at county hospitals was regarded as feasible by 66.9% of the respondents. CONCLUSION: Health-training programs for nurses in Chinese THCs must be improved in terms of coverage, delivery mode, and content. A decentralized degree-linked training program in which medical universities and city hospitals collaborate would be an appropriate mode of delivery.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dronabinol ; Education ; Emergency Medicine ; General Practice ; Health Occupations ; Health Policy ; Hospitals, County ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Needs Assessment ; Rural Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore predictors of health status of family caregivers of hospice patients. METHODS: This study included 118 family caregivers of patients who were admitted to the hospice ward of three general hospitals in D city. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for overall health of family caregivers was 2.68 (+/-0.42). Mean scores for variables related to health were 2.55 (+/-0.37) for sleep quality, 1.91 (+/-0.41) for anxiety and 2.78 (+/-0.33) for hope. Variables such as sleep quality, gender, anxiety and hope explained 59.8% of variance among family caregivers' health conditions. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the need for nurses to search for ways to promote health of hospice patients' family caregivers, such as improving the quality of sleep, easing their anxiety and encouraging hope.
Anxiety ; Caregivers* ; Hope ; Hospices* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans

Hospitals, General

BACKGROUND: To analyze the patterns of medical care utilization and its related factors in hypertensive patients during 19 years (1990-2008), utilizing national patient survey in Korea. METHODS: Using seven surveyed data, age-standardized medical care utilization increasing ratios for the inpatients and outpatients compared to the year of 1990 were calculated, respectively. Changes of medical facilities (%) of patients used in 1990, 1999, and 2008 were compared. For the outpatients, median length of stay and discharge mortality rate per 1,000 persons were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression methods were used to identify related factors of the resident patients and the comparison characteristics between hypertensives and the others of all subjects. Sample weights were used. RESULTS: The medical care utilization of hypertensives were increased for both inpatients and outpatients. However, the ratios were dramatically diminished after the standardization. Age-standardized ratios were 3.6 in outpatients and 5.9 in inpatients compared to 1990. For the outpatients, mainly used medical facilities were changed from general hospital to convalescent hospital. Also, median length of stay and discharge mortality rate were increased up to 5 times and 4 times compared to 1990. The odds of being resident patients were related with discharge as death and using oriental medical center convalescent hospital in 2008. Hypertensive patients were older than the others. Confined to hypertensive patients, member of National Health Insurance was more tend to be outpatients but less inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Aging population and long-term care Act were presumed as the main reason for the increasing of medical care utilization in 1990 to 2008.
Aging ; Health Care Surveys ; Hospitals, Convalescent ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Long-Term Care ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Utilization Review ; Weights and Measures

This study aims to examine the performance of public municipal hospitals through the analysis of data envelopment analysis, efficiency, profitability, and publicness by using panel data during period from 2006 to 2010. The main findings of the study are as follows. First, as a result of efficiency analysis during the period from 2006 to 2010, it was revealed that the number of staff by each job category, labor cost ratio, the number of operating beds need to be decreased. Second, the performance data represented by the indicators of efficiency, profitability and publicness were complementary and showed a tendency of being increased or decreased in same direction. Third, from the result of panel analysis, the efficiency was mainly influenced by the structural factors, while the profitability was influenced by managerial factors, and the publicness by medical environment. In conclusion, in order to enhance the performance of public municipal hospitals in Korea, it is important to harmonize the effort for efficiency, financial and policy support by central and local government, and the continuous participation of community residents.
Hospitals, Municipal* ; Korea ; Local Government