OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum interleukin-33 (IL-33), β₂microglobulin (β₂-MG) levels and Durie-Salmon (DS) stage in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: 100 MM patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from March 2019 to January 2021 were selected and divided into stage I, stage II and stage III groups according to the DS staging system. A baseline data questionnaire of patients was designed, then the relevant baseline data and laboratory test results of patients were recorded. The levels of serum IL-33 and β₂-MG of all patients were detected, and the correlation between serum IL-33, β₂-MG levels and DS stage of MM patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 100 patients with MM, there were 32 cases in stage I, 39 cases in stage II and 29 cases in stage III. The levels of serum CRP and β₂-MG of patients in stage III were significantly higher than those of patients in stage I and II, and the levels of serum CRP and β₂-MG of patients in stage II were significantly higher than those of patients in stage I, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The level of serum IL-33 of patients in stage III was significantly lower than that of patients in stage I and II, and the level of serum IL-33 of patients in stage II was significantly lower than that of patients in stage I, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in other data between groups (P >0.05). Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum CRP and β₂-MG were positively correlated with DS stage in MM patients (r =0.534, 0.776), the level of serum IL-33 was negatively correlated with DS stage in MM patients (r =-0.759). Ordered logistic regression analysis and forest plot showed that the low level of serum IL-33 and the high level of β₂-MG were the influencing factors of high DS stage in MM patients (P <0.05 ). CONCLUSION DS stage of MM patients is closely related to the levels of serum IL-33 and β₂-MG, that is, the lower the serum IL-33 level and the higher the β₂-MG level, and the higher the DS stage of MM patients.
Humans ; Interleukin-33 ; Multiple Myeloma ; Prognosis ; HLA-G Antigens/blood*

BACKGROUND: The major histocompatibility complex class I, G (human leukocyte antigen-G [HLA-G]) gene plays a vital role in the suppression of immune responses. Recently, a number of studies have reported an association between HLA-G and diseases (pregnancy complications, organ transplantation, and tumors). Some of the studies have revealed that the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism might be associated with various diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore a possible influence of the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism on osteosarcoma. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from 75 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues derived from patients with conventional osteosarcoma (OSA) and 183 peripheral blood samples of healthy controls. Fifty-eight cases were South Korean patients with OSA and 17 cases were Argentine patients with OSA. The HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism at exon 8 of the HLA-G locus was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There was a significantly different distribution profile for the 14-bp genotypes between the Korean OSA and Korean control groups. Specifically, there were more heterozygote 210 bp/224 bp genotypes in the Korean OSA group when compared to the Korean control group (62.1% vs 40.4%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HLA-G heterozygote patients may be more susceptible to OSA in the Korean population.
DNA ; Exons ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; HLA-G Antigens ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Organ Transplantation ; Osteosarcoma ; Transplants

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), a kind of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, can inhibit inflammatory reaction, assist tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance and promote the immunologic tolerance of the graft. HLA-G, expressed and secreted by human amniotic mesenchymal cells (HAMC), suppresses the functions of NK cells, T cells and B cells and modulates the activity of dendritic cells (DC). These findings provide a theoretical basis for illustrating the mechanism of immunosuppression on HAMC. In this article, the recent advances on not only the gene and the molecular structure of HLA-G, but also the possible mechanisms of HLA-G in immunoregulatory function of HAMC, as well as the relation of HLA-G with HAMC, NK, DC, T and B cells are reviewed.
Amnion ; cytology ; HLA-G Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To study placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-G) positive expression induce Treg (regulatory T cell, Treg) in vitro. METHODS: placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated from neonatal placenta; PEGFP - N1 -HLA-G plasmid was transfected in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells by liposome transfection.The cells were divided into 3 groups including control group, PEGFP-N1 group and PEGFP-N1-HLA-G group, 5 complex walls in each group. Expression of HLA-G protein was detected by Western Blotting; after identification of cells, healthy human peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G positive expression, and the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was accounted. RESULTS: After transfection of PEGFP-N1-HLA-G, the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can express HLA-G protein significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). After HLA-G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 + T lymphocytes were cultured for 24 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.41±0.94)%. After HLA - G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.46±0.59)% significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells modified by HLA-G gene can effectively induce CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in vitro.
Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; HLA-G Antigens ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) discovery on adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a tolerogenic and immunosuppressive molecule was very important. Many documents have shown that HLA-G expression can be controlled via some hormones such as progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate progesterone and estradiol effects on mHLA-G in ADSCs at restricted and combination concentrations. Three independent cell lines were cultured in complete free phenol red DMEM and subcultured to achieve suffi cient cells. These cells were treated with P4, E2 and P4 plus E2 at physiologic and pregnancy concentrations for 3 days in cell culture conditions. The HLA-G positive ADSCs was measured via monoclonal anti HLA-G-FITC/MEMG-09 by means of flow cytometry in nine groups. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. There were no signifi cant values of the mean percentage of HLA-G positive cells in E2-treated and the combination of P4 plus E2-treated ADSCs compared to control cells (p value>0.05) but P4 had a signifi cant increase on mHLA-G in ADSCs (p value<0.05). High P4 concentration increased mHLA-G but E2 and the combination of P4 plus E2 could not change mHLA-G on ADSCs.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Estradiol* ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-G Antigens* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone* ; Stem Cells*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of HLA-G and IL-6 in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM).

METHODSEighty-three children suffered from infectious mononucleosis hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital（Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital） from January 2014 to June 2017 were selected as the IM group, 83 healthy children in the same period were selected as the as control group. Enzyme-linked in munosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect and compare the changes of HLA-G and IL-6 levels between 2 groups. The positive rate of HLA-G and IL-6 were calculated and compared. The correlation of plasma HLA-G with IL-6 in IM group was analyzed, the MOC curve was drawn, and the diagnostic efficiencies of plasma HLA-G and IL-60 alone as well as 2 combined detection were compared.

RESULTSThe plasma level of HLA-G and IL-6 in IM group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was were statistically significant (P<0.01). In untreated children with infectious mononucleosis, the positive rate of plasma HLA-G detection was 90.36% (75/83) and the positive rate of IL-6 detection was 87.95% (73/83) without a significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the plasma HLA-G and IL-6 levels in the observation group (r=0.196, (P<0.05). The analysis of ROC curve diagnostic effectiveness showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of IL-6 was 68.90%, the specificity was 71.50%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.703. The diagnostic sensitivity of the plasma HLA-G was 74.20%, the specificity was 77.50%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.761. The combined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 2 methods was 89.50% and 85.70% respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.906.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of HLA-G and IL-6 for detect infectious mononucleosis resulted in a high sensitivity and accuracy, which is helpful to define the progress of the patient's condition, and worth for clinical application.

PURPOSE: The antibody monitoring system (AMS, GTI Inc.) is a solid phase ELISA crossmatch test for the detection of IgG antibody to the donor-specific solubilized HLA class I and class II antigens. The objective of this study was to compare the results of AMS assay with donor specific anti-HLA IgG antibodies (DS-HLA Abs), as determined by ELISA-PRA and flowcytometric crossmatch test (FCXM). METHODS: A total of 132 sera were tested for the presence of DS-HLA Abs by ELISA-EIA, FCXM and AMS assay. RESULTS: DS-HLA Abs were determined in 41 serum samples by an ELISA-PRA panel and FCXM. There was a significant degree of concordance (84.8%) between the results from the FCXM and AMS (P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AMS assay to detect DS-HLA Abs was 90.2%, 93.4%, 86.0%, 95.5%, respectively. The AMS is a simple, objective test and it has several advantages over the cell-based crossmatch test such as elimination of non-HLA antibody reactivity, elimination of the non-donor specific antibody reactivity, no need for viable cells, and the donor's HLA antigens can be prepared in advance. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that AMS may be useful as a supportive crossmatch test or as a monitoring test after transplantation for detecting class I and/or class II DS-HLA Abs.
Antibodies* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplantation

Non-invasive methods are normally preferred to conventional invasive methods when selecting suitable embryos to improve pregnancy rates after assisted reproduction techniques. One of the most recognized non-invasive methods is to examine the supernatants of embryo culture media. Soluble human leukocyte antigen, class I, G (sHLA-G) antigen is a non-classical class I molecule that has been widely considered as a marker of pregnancy failure or implantation success. In the current study of some Iranian patients, we examined the concentration of sHLA-G at different time points after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and compared the rates to the morphology and quality of the selected embryos. We showed that the concentration of sHLA-G increases over time in high-quality embryos. We conclude that there is a positive relationship between morphology, quality, and sHLA-G concentration. We suggest that this relationship can be used to increase the chance of a successful pregnancy.
Culture Media ; Embryonic Structures ; HLA-G Antigens ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

PURPOSE: Human embryonic stem (ES) cell is pluripotent cell derived from a group of cells called the inner cell mass and has the ability to reproduce itself for long periods and give rise to types of cells that develop from the three germ layers. Due to its pluripotency, ES cell holds the promise of being able to replace cells that are damaged or destroyed by many devastating diseases. However, the potential for the recipient of an ES cell transplant to reject this cell as foreign is very high. Thus, it is essential to determine whether human ES cells express MHC antigens. The purpose of this study is to characterize the stem cell properties of our cell line (SNUhES1) and the expression profile of MHC antigens on the surface of these cells and their differentiated derivatives, embryoid bodies (EBs). METHODS: The ES cells were grown on STO fibroblast in DMEM-F12. The EBs were grown in the same medium with exception that it lacked LIF and bFGF. The expression of self-renewal-associated genes and three germ layer cell-specific genes in ES cells and EBs were measured by RT-PCR at varying time point of incubation (1, 7, 14 and 28 day). The expression of MHC molecules were measured by RT-PCR and FACS analysis. RESULTS: The SNUhES1 cells expressed all self-renewal- associated genes (Fgf4, FoxD3, Oct4, Sox2 and TERT) we tested. During the differentiation three germ layer cell-specific genes in EBs were expressed as following order: ecto-, meso- and endodermal cell-specific genes. MHC class I proteins (HLA-ABC and beta2m) on the surfaces of ES cells and EBs were expressed in very low levels. MHC class II proteins (HLA-DP, -DQ and -DR) and HLA-G were not expressed on the surface of these cells. However, the expression of MHC class II proteins were detected in 1% more or less cells of 28-day-old EBs which were hardly detected in the population of 1-day-old EBs. CONCLUSION: These data imply that SNUhES1 cells and EBs have stem cell properties. Although they express very low MHC antigens, further investigation determining whether the MHC expression in the ES cells and EBs may alter under inflammatory condition which can be occurred in damaged tissue or through surgical process.
Cell Line ; Embryoid Bodies* ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Endoderm ; Fibroblasts ; Germ Layers ; HLA-G Antigens ; Humans* ; Stem Cells ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: To determine the expression of HLA-G and IL-10 and their correlation in tissue of cervical cancer, and to investigate the relationship between their expression and clinicopathologic factors in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 40 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and 15 patients with normal cervix for control from Oct. 2004 to Oct. 2005. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for HLA-G mRNA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR for IL-10 mRNA were used. And proteins of HLA-G and IL-10 were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Both HLA-G and IL-10 mRNA expression in cervical cancer tissue were higher than normal control, which was statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.001). The proteins levels of HLA-G and IL-10 in cancer group were also significantly higher than control (P<0.001, P=0.041). The mRNA expression of HLA-G tended to be correlated with IL-10 expression (P=0.061), although it was not statistically significant. Among clinicopathologic factors of cervical cancer, there was inverse relationship between FIGO stage and mRNA value of HLA-G (P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The mRNA and protein expression of HLA-G and IL-10 in cervical cancer were much higher than in controls. These results showed that HLA-G and IL-10 might have an important role of tumorigenesis in patients with cervical cancer. The levels of HLA-G and IL-10 seem to be correlated although it was not statistically significant. High HLA-G mRNA expression could be related in early tumorigenesis since it was associated with early stage cervical cancer.
Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; HLA-G Antigens* ; Humans ; Interleukin-10* ; RNA, Messenger ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*