BACKGROUND/AIMS: Advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite sustained viral suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is a risk factor for poor immunologic recovery. However, some patients with advanced infection do show immunologic recovery. In this study, predictive factors of immunologic recovery were analyzed in advanced HIV patients showing sustained viral suppression. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in HIV-infected adult patients with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL maintained for 4 years or longer and who were receiving HAART. Advanced HIV infection was defined as a baseline CD4 T cell count < 200/mm3. Immunologic responders were defined as patients showing immunologic recovery (CD4 T cell counts > or = 500/mm3 at 4 years with HAART). To analyze the CD4 T cell kinetics, the CD4 slope (monthly changes in the CD4 T cell count) was estimated for each patient using a linear regression between the CD4 T cell count and the time since HAART initiation. RESULTS: Of 102 eligible patients, 73 had advanced HIV, and 33 (45.2%) showed immunologic recovery. The median CD4 slopes (cells/mm3 per month) during 0 to 6 and 0 to 12 months of HAART in the 73 advanced patients were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (0 to 6 months, 38.6 vs. 22.8; 0 to 12 months, 24.5 vs. 13.5). Multivariate analyses showed opportunistic infections at the start of HAART (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.28) and a CD4 slope > or = 20 during 0 to 12 months of HAART (adjusted OR, 10.10) were independently associated with immunologic recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The CD4 slope can be an early predictor of long-term immunologic recovery in advanced HIV patients.
Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Biomarkers/blood ; *CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Case-Control Studies ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; HIV Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*immunology/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Immunologic/*methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a risk factor for developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas are high-grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of AIDS-related lymphoma. There have been 7 reports of AIDS-related extra-nodal lymphoma in Korea. We report a case of AIDS-related lymphoma detected by MiroCam(R) capsule endoscopy.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy/immunology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; *Capsule Endoscopes ; HIV Infections/virology ; Humans ; Jejunal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*diagnosis/pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed