Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy significantly reduced the mortality, but in the high-speed copying, high genetic variation and drug selection pressure under the effect of the increasingly serious problem of drug resistance greatly weakened the role of HAART inhibit viral replication and reduce antiviral treatment. This paper reports the latest trends in HIV drug-resistance in order to develop anti-HIV drugs in clinical programs, research and development of new guidance anti-HIV-1 strategy to bring guidance.
Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Internationality

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; China ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV ; drug effects ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans

CCR5, a membrane protein on cell surface, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and one of the major co-receptors for HIV-1 infection. The roles of CCR5 in HIV-1 infection have been elucidated since 1996. Because of the biological nature of CCR5, it has became a molecular target for the novel drugs against HIV-1. Antagonists for CCR5 could be grouped as following, chemokine derivatives, small molecule non-peptide compounds, monoclonal antibodies and peptides. The latest progress in this field is reviewed in this article.
Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Drug Design ; HIV Infections ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Receptors, CCR5 ; drug effects ; Receptors, Chemokine ; drug effects

Child ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV ; drug effects ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; virology ; Humans

As the spreading of AIDS over the world, to research effective anti-HIV drugs is required. The review contains the process of discovering targets for anti-HIV especially entry/infuse, reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase, and describes the effective component of traditional Chinese drugs for these targets and the anti-HIV drugs being researched or used in clinic.
Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; HIV ; drug effects ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans

AIDS is a serious threat to the human health. Although highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has obviously prohibited the progress of AIDS, a yearly increasing problems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance have arousing more attention, affecting the clinical efficacy of HAART, and even resulting in treatment failure. We are lack of exchangeable medicines, while the therapeutic course of AIDS treatment is longer. It is not feasible to monitor and detect the drug resistance of medicine takers by taking the exchangeable medicines as the outcome. Better indications have been obtained by combining the experiences for Chinese medicine and pharmacy (CMP) intervention and CMP's intervening HIV drug resistance by clinical trails. Based on retrospective studies on the HIV biological features, reasons for HIV drug resistance, the occurrence, the predisposing population, and the mutation sites, the authors addressed it is a good opportunity for CMP in intervening HIV drug resistance at present situation in China. Meanwhile, the authors also raised too much difficulties and challenges. We hope CMP's intervention can minimize and delay the generation of drug resistance to the utmost, solve key problems in HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China.
Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HIV ; drug effects ; Humans

Background: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has been widely used for transfusion - transmitted infection screening at blood banks all over the world to reduce window period, yet the assay has not been implemented in Vietnam. Objective: Using and evaluating cost - effectiveness of NAT in screening HIV, HCV, HBV in blood \r\n', u'donors. Subjects and methods: The study was carried out on 9392 blood donors at National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from Jan to May 2007 who were HIV, HCV, HBV negative with ELISA. Plasma from donors was pooled (pool size of 8) and tested with UItrio Procleix HIV - 1, HCV, HBV (Chiton). Results: These 9392 plasma samples were pooled into 1174 pool samples to perform NAT. Among 1174 pooled samples, there was only 1 case with negative ELISA - Reactive NAT. The sample was determined as response with probe HCV. From there, one of eight pool samples was identified responding to probe HCV and it was more likely to have been missed in the window period when screened by ELISA.Conclusion: The sample should be further tested with HCV qualitative and quantitative testing to confirm the status of infection. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
HIV ; Hepatitis B virus/drug effects ; Hepacivirus ; Blood Donors

LEDGF/p75 is a newly found cell cofactor, which plays an essential role in the integration of HIV-1 cDNA into host chromosomes. LEDGF/p75 tethers HIV integrase to chromatin, protects it from degradation, and strongly influences the genome-wide pattern of HIV integration. Depleting the protein from cells or over-expressing the integrase-binding domain of LEDGF/p75 blocks viral replication. The essential role of LEDGF/p75 in HIV-1 replication makes it a new target for anti-HIV-1 drug development. This article reviews the function of LEDGF/p75, LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction and LEDGF/p75 inhibitors.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HIV Integrase ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein Binding

Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; HIV ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; immunology ; virology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Racemic (±)-F18 (10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A), an analog of nature product (+)-calanolide A, is a new anti-HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcript inhibitor (NNRTI). A successful enantioseparation of (±)-F18 offering (R)-F18 and (S)-F18 was achieved by a chiral stationary phase prepared HPLC. Their absolute configurations were determined by measurement of their electronic circular dichroisms combined with modem quantum-chemical calculations. Further investigation revealed that (R)-F18 and (S)-F18 shared a similar anti-HIV activities, however, (R)-F18 was more potent than (S)-F18 against wild-type virus, K101E mutation and P225H mutation pseudoviruses.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Pyranocoumarins ; chemistry