From Aug 2001 to April 2002, a cross-sectional study was performed on 245 HIV infected patients living in community in Hanoi, by cytometric method using FACS-CALIBUR machine to count TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes. The control groups composes of 23 healthy persons. Results were as follows: Aged of patients: 16-50 among them the 21-30 age group accounts for 65.3%, male gender 90.6%. The absolute count of lympho cells in the patients group is lower than control, with the count of lymphocyte and the percentage of TCD4 lower significantly and 21.6% of patients having TCD4 lymphocyte count < 200/mm3. In the patient group, TCD8 lymphocytes count and its percentage is higher significantly than that of control group. 7.8% patients have occupational infection that the main is tuberculosis 59.7%, zona 15.8%, their 10.5% acquiring waisting syndrome.
HIV, Immunity ; Cells

Two groups of subjects: control group composes of 39 healthy persons, aged 22-26 (26 males, 13 females) with HIV negative; patient group: 245 HIV patients living in community of 6 districts in Hanoi. Infected patients are mainly in adult 16-50 years old, the most common are in 21-30 (65.3%) years old, 90.6% are male. Lympho cell count decreased, TCD4 count and its percent also decreased. In 21.6% patients, the count of TCD4 < 200/mm3. TCD8 count and its ratio increased. Ratio of TCD4/TCD8 decreased. Occasional infected patients occupied 7.8%, the most commonly infected is tuberculosis 57.9% then zona 15.8%, syndrome of asthenia 10.5%
HIV Infections ; Immunity, Cellular ; Patients ; epidemiology

Cao Bang is a mountainous province in North frontier, with a population of 482.839 persons in 12 districts and towns, 186 communes. The first case of HIV infection was detected in 1997 and in Nov.2002 there were 577 cases. The most common patients are young persons (79,53%). 95,66% are men . The education for HIV/AIDS control was developed continuously in mass media but it was not proper, the couselling and self-examination was low efficacy. The care, management and treatment for HIV/AIDS patients were limited. It must strengthen the quality of HIV/AIDS control education and profession practice. For HIV/AIDS control a proper policy and big ressources are necessary
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Immunity, Cellular

AIDS Vaccines ; immunology ; China ; Cross Reactions ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal

Herpes zoster is characterized by unilateral grouped vesicles along the distribution of a single spinal or cranial sensory nerves. Recurrent herpes zoster is rare and may be associated with severe immunocompromised state. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of zoster, which tends to be severe, presumably due to HIV-induced depression of cellular immunity. We report a case of a 43-year-old male who was presented with recurrent herpes zoster and was not responded to antiviral treatment (famciclovir 750mg/day) for 14days. We checked his immunologic status and found to be decreased T4 count and infected HIV.
Adult ; Depression ; Herpes Zoster* ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Cellular ; Incidence ; Male

Herpes zoster is characterized by several groups of vesicles on an erythematous base situated unilaterally within the distribution of a single spinal or cranial sensory ganglion. Recurrent herpes zoster is rare and may be associated with severe immunocompromised state. Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of zoster, which tends to be severe, presumably due to HIV-induced depression of cellular immunity. We report a case of a 46-year-old female who was presented with recurrent herpes zoster and concurrent HIV infection.
Depression ; Female ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Cellular ; Incidence ; Middle Aged

Recently, the relevance of fungal infection has increased enormously, because of the increasing incidence of HIV infection, organ transplantation, and neoplastic disorders. A variety of underlying conditions, including impaired immune status, is believed to account for the susceptibility to fungal infections and to determine both the severity and the characteristics of the associated pathology. A thorough understanding of how the normal host resists fungal infection and of the specific immune defects present in patients with mycoses is fundamental for diagnosis and therapy of these infections. The immune response varies with respect to the fungal species and morphology encountered. The cell-mediated immune response and non specific cellular immunity (macrophage, NK cell, and neutrophils) are generally believed to provide the main defenses against fungi. The role of humoral immunity in fungal infections is controversial. This article reviews the current understanding of innate and adaptive immunity to common fungal pathogens.
Adaptive Immunity ; Allergy and Immunology* ; Arthrodermataceae ; Candida ; Diagnosis ; Fungi ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Incidence ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Malassezia ; Mycoses* ; Organ Transplantation ; Pathology ; Transplants

AIDS Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal

OBJECTIVEThis review discusses progress in the studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and focuses on the interaction among HIV infection, chronic HBV infection, and host immunity.

DATA SOURCESData and studies published mainly from 2008 to 2011 were selected using PubMed.

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles and critical reviews concerning HBV/HIV coinfection and HBV and HIV pathogenesis were selected.

RESULTSHIV may accelerate HBV progression by lowering CD4 count, weakening HBV-specific immunity, "enriching" HBV mutants, causing immune activation, etc. On the other hand, HBV may enhance HIV replication by activating HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) with X protein (HBX) and cause immune activation in synergy with HIV. Paradoxically, HBV may also inhibit HIV dissemination via dendritic cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe interaction among HIV, HBV, and host immunity remains poorly understood. Further research is warranted to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms and to translate these mechanisms into clinical practice.

HIV ; pathogenicity ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; immunology

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) detects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and produces cGAMP to induce cytokines. Reverse transcribed DNA of HIV is critical for triggering innate immune responses as inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase blocked the induction of interferon-beta by the virus. Furthermore, knockout of cGAS in human or mouse cell lines abrogated the production of cytokines by HIV infection highlighting the essential role of cGAS in detection of HIV and other retroviruses.
Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; DNA ; Guanosine Monophosphate ; HIV Infections ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; HIV* ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-beta ; Mice ; Retroviridae