Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Abstract In recent years, the role of hyperopia reserve in the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents has gradually gained recognition and importance. Implementing more refined preventive measures based on hyperopia reserve to further advance the prevention frontiers is crucial for reversing the trend of focusing on treatment over prevention and achieving the national health strategy goal to reduce the myopia rate among children and adolescents. The paper introduces the concept of hyperopia reserve, the ability and the detection methods to predict the onset of myopia. At the same time, it also discusses the establishment and application of reference values for hyperopia reserve and proposes a classification based prevention and management strategy based on hyperopia reserve, aiming to provide reference ideas and directions for advancing myopia prevention.