Objective: To understand the interrelationships of parental control, peer relationship, and aggressive behavior in junior high school students, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of adolescent aggressive behavior. Methods: During June to July, 2022, 2 564 students of grade one to grade three were selected from 6 junior high schools from each of Suzhou and Xuancheng cities in Anhui Province by using convenient cluster random sampling method, and then the questionnaire survey was administered, including the Chinese version of Parent Control Questionnaire, Chinese version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Adolescent Peer Relationship Questionnaire. Results: Boys scored (185.31±27.49, 21.65±7.43, 21.77 ±8.18, 69.50±11.41, 72.39±11.53) higher than girls (178.21±25.13, 20.08±7.09, 20.61±7.62, 66.56± 11.14 , 70.95± 11.84 ) in parental control, father s psychological control, mother s psychological control, father s behavioral control, and mother s behavioral control ( t =8.63, 5.47, 3.70, 6.60, 3.12), while girls scored (48.41±11.26) higher in peer relationship than boys ( 47.13 ± 10.84 ) ( t =-2.95) ( P <0.01). The scores of first grade students in parental control, father s psychological control, mother s psychological control, father s behavior control, peer relationship, and aggressive behavior (184.67±27.18, 21.83± 7.29 , 22.15±8.07, 68.81±10.95, 50.21±9.57, 80.23±17.66) were higher than those of second gradestudents (180.98±25.46, 20.16±7.82, 20.21±7.55, 68.29±11.69, 45.47±11.67, 74.08±17.70) and third grade students (179.21±26.79, 20.53±7.22, 21.17 ± 8.06 , 66.81± 11.39 , 47.54±11.43, 75.75±16.29) ( F =9.44, 12.87, 13.61, 6.84, 42.85, 30.40, P <0.01). The scores of parental control and peer relationship were positively correlated with the scores of aggressive behavior ( r=0.22, 0.47, P <0.01). Peer relationship partially mediate the relationship between parental control and aggressive behavior, with a partial mediation effect value of 0.04, accounting for 26.39% of the total effect of parental control on aggressive behavior. Conclusions High parental control and poor peer relationship are both positively correlated with the level of aggressive behavior. The peer relationship of teenagers should be improved by establishing appropriate parenting style, tackling campus violence, and maintaining good social norms, in order to reduce the occurrence of aggressive behavior among adolescents.