Objective: To understand the dynamic change rule and trend of the vital capacity of students in Tongzhou district, and to provide data support for the development of targeted physical exercise intervention mode. Methods: According to the routine physical examination data of students in Tongzhou District in the academic year 2011-2019, the physical examination data of 3 197 students with complete physical examination information were selected according to the proportion of students in urban areas and towns and gender differences. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis of the screening data. Results: The mean vital capacity of 3 197 students increased with the increase of grades. Except for grade 2 to grade 5 of primary school and grade 2 to grade 3 of junior high school, the mean vital capacity of urban students was higher than that of rural students ( P <0.05). The mean vital capacity of male students was higher than that of female students in all grades ( P <0.05). The vital capacity of male students and female students increased rapidly twice in grade 5 of primary school and grade 3 of junior high school( P <0.05), the growth rate of male students in two stages was larger than that of female students, the increase rates were 277.21 and 400.20 mL. The mean vital capacity was shown in this way:obese>overweight>normal weight>malnutrition ( P <0.05). The excellent rate of vital capacity evaluation in girls was higher than that in boys from grade 3 of primary school to grade 2 of junior middle school ( P <0.05). Except for grade 1 and 2 of primary school, the excellent rate of vital capacity evaluation in other grades was found as follows:obese>overweight>normal weight>malnutrition. The failure rate of boys was higher than that of girls ( P <0.05), except grade 3 of primary school. The failure rate from grade 5 to grade 3 showed the trend:malnutrition>normal weight>overweight>obesity ( P <0.05). In different groups, the failure rate of grade 1 of primary school and grade 1 of junior high school were the two peaks, which basically showed a decreasing trend followed by decreasing one. Conclusion The level of vital capacity of students in Tongzhou District is relatively low, so the school, family and society should focus on students vital capacity level. It should be one of the key tasks to enhance the physical quality of the students to increase the vital capacity of the boys and the students with abnormal weight.