Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)], and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China. Results: By the end of 2016, there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi, accounting for 2.3% of those being reported for more than 10 years, 5.4% of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving, and 26.6% of those being reported for more than 10 years, surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy. Among the LTNPs, 87.2%(273) were men, 94.9% (297) were aged ≤ 40 years, 32.3% (101) were farmers, 55.6% (174) were single, divorced or widowed, 69.3% (217) were of Han ethnic group, 68.1% (213) were injecting drug users, and 52.1% (163) were from custody facilities. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age >40 years, aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission, aOR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.74). Conclusions: A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi. Further research are needed to identify the related factors, and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology, genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Users/statistics & numerical data* ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data* ; HIV Infections/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective: To evaluate the behavior intervention program on men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin. Methods: From April 2013 to September 2017, MSM were enrolled from MSM gathering places and through mobile internet to establish an open prospective cohort. Interventions were conducted in every follow-up meeting, while the changes of behaviors and HIV infection and syphilis incidences in the MSM before and after intervention were compared. Results: A total of 1 822 MSM were interviewed at baseline survey, with 1 007 eligible MSM were enrolled in the cohort. A total of 39 new cases of HIV infection were reported, and the cumulative observation time on cohort follow-up was 2 216.96 person-year, with the HIV incidence rate as 1.76 per 100 person-years. Among them, 934 MSM were sero-negative for syphilis in baseline survey. A total of 100 new cases of syphilis were reported, and the cumulative observation time of cohort follow-up was 1 959.94 person-year, the syphilis incidence rate was 5.10 per 100 person-years. With health education and intervention conducted, the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge for MSM increased. Though the rate of anal sex increased after intervention, the rate of condom use in anal sex increased, too. The rate of condom use decreased after receiving more than 3 interventions. Data from the multivariate GEE analysis indicated that protective factors might be as follows: education level of college and above (aOR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.98), awareness of AIDS related knowledge (aOR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.36-0.75), ever receiving condom promotion and distribution in the past six months (aOR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.49-0.74), being recruited from mobile internet (aOR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.73-1.00) and times of cumulative intervention: one time (aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.45-0.66), two times (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.30-0.49), three times (aOR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.20-0.35), four times and above (aOR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.17-0.33). Diagnoses of STDs in the past six months (aOR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.06-1.96), using rush-poppers (aOR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.02-1.47) might be risk factors. Conclusions: After continuous behavior intervention, the incidence of HIV infection and syphilis were at a low level in the MSM cohort in Tianjin. Their awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge and the rate of condom use increased. But there are still many risk factors influencing the unprotected anal sex in MSM. We should continuously carry out behavioral intervention programs to prevent unprotected anal sex among MSM.
Behavior Therapy ; China/epidemiology* ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections/transmission* ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex

Clonorchiasis is one key food-borne parasitic disease in China. Owing to several years'efforts and preparation, the national clonorchiasis surveillance system in China has been established preliminarily since 2016. In this article, the necessity to establish the national clonorchiasis surveillance system is explained. Then, the structure, content and corresponding methods of the surveillance system are briefly introduced. Key points in the surveillance are summarized and the development of surveillance in future is discussed. Furthermore, the contribution of clonorchiasis surveillance in China to the world is also analyzed.
Animals ; China ; Clonorchiasis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Foodborne Diseases ; Sentinel Surveillance

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province, 2005-2017. Methods: All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System, 2005-2017. Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps. Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture, genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV). Results: A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017, with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000. Since 2007, the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing, reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000), after the setup of a monitoring program. Annually, the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks, one from April to July, with a weakening trend, and the other from October to January with a rising trend. Most of the mumps cases occurred among students, kindergarten and scattered children (89.2%, 5 814/6 517), children aged 5-9 years (38.8%, 2 527/6 517), with cases reported from every region. Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian. Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region, resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain. Conclusions: The incidence of mumps decreased annually, in Fujian. Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students. In Fujian province, we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region. Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology, should be strengthened.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mumps/epidemiology* ; Mumps virus/pathogenicity* ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis

INTRODUCTIONThe proteins found in tears play an important role in maintaining the ocular surface and changes in tear protein components may reflect changes in the health of the ocular surface. Proteomics provides a comprehensive approach for cataloguing all the proteins of the tear proteome, which will help to elucidate disease pathogenesis, make clinical diagnoses and evaluate the influence of medications on the structure, composition and secretion of tear proteins. In this study, an alternative proteomic strategy was investigated to explore the human tear proteome.

MATERIALS AND METHODSTear samples were obtained from patients who had pterygium and were collected on the first day and third day after pterygium surgery. Tears pooled from 6 patients were used in the analysis. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatograph (RPHPLC) was used as the first step to separate intact proteins into 21 peaks. Each fraction was then tryptic-digested and analysed by nanoLC-nano-ESI-MS/MS to characterise the protein components in each fraction.

RESULTSIn total, 60 tear proteins were identified with high confidence, including well-known abundant tear proteins, and tear-specific proteins such as lacritin and proline-rich proteins. Among them, proline-rich protein 5 was found for the first time in tear fluid. A large number of plasma proteins were also observed in tear fluid.

CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that the proteomic strategy used in this study was successfully applied to analyse tear proteome.

Eye Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Proteome ; Tears ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDElective radiation of lower neck is controversial for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) without lymph node metastasis (N0 disease). Tumor volume is an important prognostic indicator. The objective of this study is to explore the potential impact of tumor volume on the indication of the lower neck irradiation for N0-NPC, by a qualitative evaluation of the relationship between tumor volume and nodal metastasis.

METHODSMagnetic resonance (MR) images of 99 consecutive patients with NPC who underwent treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Primary tumor volumes of NPC were semi-automatically measured, nodal metastases were N-classified and neck level involvements were examined. Distributions of tumor volumes among N-category-based groups and distributions of N-categories among tumor volume-based groups were analyzed, respectively.

RESULTSThe numbers of patients with N0 to N3 disease were 12, 39, 32, and 16, respectively. The volumes of primary tumor were from 3.3 to 89.6 ml, with a median of 17.1 ml. For patients with nodal metastasis, tumor volume did not increase significantly with the advancing of N-category (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found for the distribution of N1, N2, and N3 categories among tumor volume-based groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless patients with nodal metastasis had significantly larger tumor volumes than those without metastasis (P < 0.05). Patients with larger tumor volumes were associated with an increased incidence of nodal metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSCertain positive correlations existed between tumor volume and the presence of nodal metastasis. The tumor volume (>10 ml) is a potential indicator for the lower neck irradiation for N0-NPC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Neck ; radiation effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE; To evaluate the clinical value of different CT diagnostic criteria for peripancreatic artery and vein invasion in pancreatic carcinoma through comparison with the findings on surgical exploration.

METHODSOf 72 patients of having suspected pancreatic carcinoma were examined by multiplane spiral CT. Among 43 confirmed by surgical pathology; 15 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy; 28 were found to have unresectable tumors. The peri-pancreatic major vessels including the superior mesenteric artery, celiac artery, hepatic artery, superior mesenteric vein and portal vein were explored carefully during surgical exploration.

RESULTSThe criteria for peri-pancreatic artery invasion was the presence of one of the following signs: artery embeded in tumor, or more than half of the artery circumference involved by tumor with wall irregularity or stenosis. The sensitivity of the above described criteria was 75.0% (12/16). If the criteria of tumor involvement exceeding half of the vessel circumference were adhered to, the sensitivity was 87.5% (14/16), which was high than the former, but the specificity was lower than that of the former one (90.2% versus 95.1%). The criteria for peri-pancreatic vein invasion was presence of any of the following signs: vein obliteration, more than half of the vein circumference involved by tumor, vein wall irregularity, vein stenosis, tear-drop sign of superior mesenteric artery. The sensitivity of the above described criteria was 92.9% (39/42), higher than that of the criteria that more than half of the vessel circumference was involved by the tumor (69.0%, 29/42), but the specificity of both criteria was the same (97.4%, 37/38).

CONCLUSIONFor assessing peri-pancreatic artery and vein invasion, using the combination of different CT diagnostic criteria has higher accuracy than when using only criteria of more than half of vessel circumference involved by tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Celiac Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; diagnostic imaging ; Mesenteric Veins ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Portal Vein ; diagnostic imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of T1270533G polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene with the susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and clinical phenotype of NPC in Chinese population. METHDOS: The genomic DNAs were obtained from 27 Chinese subjects, and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in all the exons and relevant intron-exon boundaries of GSTM1 were determined by PCR and direct sequencing. A case-control study was performed to analyze the SNP site T1270533G (the rare allele frequency is 22.2% in Chinese population) in the coding region by means of tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and sequencing.

RESULTSequence analysis identified 29 SNPs in GSTM1 gene, among which 13 SNPs presented high linkage disequilibrium with each other. No obvious relations were found between the variation in the coding region T1270533G and the clinical phenotype of NPC (RR=0.170, 95% CI =0.95-0.306 for TT homozygotes).

CONCLUSIONThe missense mutation in the coding region T1270533G of GSTM1 gene that causes an amino acid change does not affect the detoxification function of GSTM1, and the T1270533G polymorphism does not have apparent relations to NPC susceptibility in Chinese subjects in Guangdong Province.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the value of Hisense computer-assisted surgical systems (CAS) for precise surgery of pediatric solid pseudopapillary tumor. Methods: A total of 5 cases with pancreatic solid pseudopapi-llary tumor who were admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 2015 to September 2018 were adopting.Upper abdominal 64-slice dynamic enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan was performed.3D models were created by computer-assisted surgery systems.Based on 3D model, surgical planning, preoperative simulated tumor resection, intraoperative assisted guidance were performed.Operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, blood transfusion rate were analyzed. Results: Hisense CAS three-dimensional reconstruction could clearly show the adjacent relationship between pancreas, tumor and peripheral vascular organs.According to the preoperative virtual resection, pancreatic tumor resection was more accurate.Postoperative pathological results were solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.Among them, 2 tumors were located in the head of the pancreas, 1 case was located in the pancreatic neck, and 2 cases in the tail of the pancreas.The operation time was 150-360 min, with an average of 279 min.The average intraoperative blood loss was 40 mL, of which the minimum amount of bleeding was 5 mL, and the blood transfusion rate was 40%(2/5 cases). Surgical tumor removal was achieved successfully in 5 cases.All children were followed up for 6 months to 3 years, and no recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstruction of computer-assisted surgery system can clearly show the adjacent relationship between tumor and surroun-ding vascular organs, and help to make the best surgical plan before surgery to improve the accuracy and safety of the operation.

Objective: To investigate the frailty status and related determinants among the elderly in China. Methods: Frailty index (FI) was applied to evaluate the frailty status of the elderly. Data used in this study was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011-2015. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants related to the status on frailty. Results: The prevalence rates of frailty in the elderly were 18.7%, 20.6% and 28.4% in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively. Being female or elderly under advanced age, were both associated with the higher level of FI. Factors as hip fracture, falls, alcohol intake more than once a month, and less participation in social activities etc., might serve as the risk factors for frailty. Conclusion: Chinese elderly showed relatively high prevalence on frailty and with annual increasing trend. The status of frailty was related to factors as adverse events and unhealthy lifestyles. Comprehensive intervention strategies should be adopted in early life of the elderly to delay the development process of frailty.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Frail Elderly ; Frailty/ethnology* ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies