Objective: To analyze the effect of colorectal cancer screening in the general population in Guangzhou, and provide evidence for the for development of colorectal cancer screening policy and strategy. Methods: The data of colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou during 2015- 2016 were collected. The participation, the positive rate of fecal occult blood test, the detection rate of colonoscopy and screening effect of colonoscopy were evaluated. Results: A total of 220 834 residents aged 50-74 years received the screening, and the positive rate of the screening was 16.77% (37 040 cases). Colonoscopy was performed for 7 821 cases (21.12%). Colorectal lesions were found in 4 126 cases (52.76%), of which 614 (7.85%) and 73 (0.93%) and 230 (2.94%) were identified as advanced adenoma, severe dysplasia lesions and colorectal cancers, respectively. The detection rates of all colorectal lesions were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01). The diagnostic rate of early lesion was 87.24%, and 99 early cancer cases were found, accounting for 46.26% of the total cases. The overall screening detection rate of colorectal cancer was 104.15/100 000, higher than the incidence rate (81.18/100 000) in colorectal cancer surveillance (P<0.001), but age group <70 years had higher detection rate, age group ≥70 years had higher incidence rate. Conclusions: The colorectal cancer screening strategy in Guangzhou is effective in the detection of the population at high risk, increase the detection rate of colorectal lesions, early diagnosis rate of precancerous lesions and diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer. The benefit in those aged ≤69 years was more obvious than that in those aged 70-74 years. It is necessary to improve the compliancy of colorectal cancer screening in population at high risk.
Adenoma/prevention & control* ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunochemistry ; Male ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Occult Blood ; Predictive Value of Tests

In this paper, an improved back-projection algorithm of dynamic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was described. The improved back-projection algorithm modified the computing method of back-projection matrix B. Dynamic reconstruction image was obtained by the improved algorithm, and it was compared to the image obtained by the traditional method of equi-potential back-projection. The results showed that the improved algorithm of equi-potential back-projection could locate the object's position in the field with higher precision, and its speed was very fast. It also could improve the resolution of the reconstructed image in some extent.
Algorithms ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Models, Biological ; Tomography ; methods

Objective: To standardize the reporting system on hepatitis B in order to improve the quality of monitoring program in Henan province. Methods: A total of 6 sites of Hepatitis B pilot surveillance were selected in Xinzheng of Zhengzhou city, Linzhou of Anyang city, Shanyang district of Jiaozuo city, Shaoling district of Luohe city, Yongcheng of Shangqiu city, Pingqiao district of Xinyang city in Henan province. Subjects under study were those reported hepatitis B cases, from 2012 to 2016. Cases diagnosed in 2011 were chosen as controls. Data on classification of hepatitis B, time that HBsAg became positive and ALT value of the cases were analyzed annually. 5 ml venous blood was collected and anti-HBc IgM confirmed test was made for those suspected acute cases on hepatitis B. Based on the 2016 data from the monitoring system, the incidence of acute hepatitis B in Henan province was estimated. Results: The number of reported hepatitis B cases had declined in 6 sites of Hepatitis B pilot surveillance substantially. A total of 17 436 hepatitis B reported in 2011 but only 2 632 cases were reported in 2016, with a reduction of 84.90%(14 804/17 436) in these six monitoring sites. The number of unclassified hepatitis B cases also dropped sharply. In 2011, 36.87% of the cases were unclassified, but the figure reduced to 0.08% in 2016, from the six sites. The rate on ALT detection also gradually improved. The rate of misdiagnosis on HBV carrier from hepatitis B almost disappeared. From 2013 to 2016, 777 blood samples were collected from six pilot sites. 29.34% (228/777) of the blood samples were tested positive for anti-HBc IgM after confirmed by the hepatitis laboratory of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Conclusions: Since the development of the pilot surveillance program, the quality of reporting system on hepatitis B had been improved, as well as the accuracy of diagnosis. Rate on the accuracy of reporting on hepatitis B and the methods of testing should be improved at the monitoring sites.
China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data* ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pilot Projects ; Population Surveillance ; Sentinel Surveillance

OBJECTIVETo explore a combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars.

METHODSIn the first stage, the position and course of the perforators were confirmed with the multi-detector computed tomography ( MDCT) and color Doppler ultrasound. The expanders were implanted between subdermal vascular plexus and superficial fascia. In the second stage, the expanded super-thin perforator flaps were transferred to resurface the extensive defects and deformities in the face and neck.

RESULTS26 cases with extensive facial and cervical scars were included in this study. Except for one case with necrosis at the distal end, the other 25 flaps survived completely. The maximum flap size was 35 cm x 10 cm with a pedicle of 8 cm x 4 cm. Long-term follow-up showed that this combined application provided thinner flap than the conventional pre-expanded flap, thus avoiding secondary flap debulking and revisions. All the patients got improvement in contours, facial features and emotional expression.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps is a practical method which has advantages in feature recontouring and recovery of delicate emotions in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars.

Cicatrix ; surgery ; Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Neck ; surgery ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tissue Expansion ; methods

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of aspirin on the growth and autoghagy of human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and BGC-823. METHODS： SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were selected as research objects， with phosphate buffer （PBS） as negative control treated for 48 h， MTT assay was used to detect the effects of 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 mmol/L aspirin， 5 mmol/L aspirin alone or combined with 2.5 μmol/L chloroquine， 2.5 μmol/L 3-methyladenine （3-MA） on survival rate of gastric cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of 2 and 5 mmol/L aspirin， 5 mmol/L aspirin alone or combined with 2.5 μmol/L chloroquine and 2.5 μmol/L 3-MA on the apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of gastric cancer cells. Hoechst33258 staining was used to observe the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on morphology of gastric cancer cell nucleus； Transwell chamber test was adopted to detect the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on the migration of gastric cancer cell. Laser confocal scanning microscopy was used to observe the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on autophagy formation in gastric cancer cells. Western blot method was used to detect the effects of 2 and 5 mmol/L aspirin on the protein expression of autophagy markers LC3-Ⅱin gastric cancer cells. RESULTS： Compared with negative control group， aspirin could inhibit the survival rates of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells in dose-dependent manner， but had no significant effects on apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells； SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were blocked in G1 phase. Compared with aspirin alone group， the survival rates of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 were increased significantly after treated with aspirin+chloroquine and aspirin+3-MA， while the distribution rate of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells at G1 phase were decreased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with negative control group， there were no obvious DNA fragmentation fragments， apoptotic bodies and fragments of dense bright blue， while the number of migration cells were decreased significantly in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells after treated with aspirin （P＜0.001）； the number of autophagosome was increased significantly and the protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was enhanced significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Aspirin can significantly inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells， and arrest cell cycle in G1 phase， the mechanism of which may be associated with the activation of autophagy.

Previous studies showed that crude antigens from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (AW) can be recognized by mouse infection sera at 8 days post infection. The aim of this study was to identify the early diagnostic antigenic bands in soluble proteins from T. spiralis AW by Western blot using early infection sera. The affecting factors of adult recovery were firstly observed in this study, and the results showed that the maximum number of adults was collected from small intestine when the female BALB/c mice were orally infected with 4000 ML and sacrificed at 3 days post infection. The results of Western blot analysis showed that seven protein bands (31, 35.1, 39, 40.6, 41.9, 47 and 50.6 kDa) could be recognized by early infection sera as early as at 8-10 days post infection, and were strongly reacted with mouse infection sera at 11-12 days post infection. Our results suggested that the seven protein bands of T. spiralis AW soluble proteins might be the early expressed antigens during the intestinal stage of Trichinella infection and therefore have potential value for the early diagnosis of trichinellosis.

Humans ; Diverticulum, Colon ; Fecal Impaction ; Hydrodynamics

A hemodynamic model of capillary and tissue, in which tissue pressure changed with swing manipulation of Traditional Chinese Medical Massage (TCMM), is presented in this paper to explain the hemodynamic mechanism of swing manipulation. Blood flowed in capillary with low Reynolds number. Plasma exuded through capillary according to the Starling's Law. Tissue pressure changed linearly with the massage force measured. Blood apparent viscosity, plasma protein concentration and red cell's hematocrit were taken into account. Capillary flow rate, blood apparent viscosity, filtration rate and filtration fraction with dynamical change of tissue pressure were calculated numerically, and were compared with those in static tissue pressure condition. Results showed that, dynamical change of tissue pressure led to the increase of capillary flow rate and the decrease of blood apparent viscosity, which qualitatively explained the hemodynamic mechanism of "promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis" in swing manipulation of TCMM.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Viscosity ; Capillaries ; physiology ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Massage ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pressure ; Regional Blood Flow

Adipose tissue is a highly heterogeneous endocrine organ. The heterogeneity among different anatomical depots stems from their intrinsic differences in cellular and physiological properties, including developmental origin, adipogenic and proliferative capacity, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, hormonal control, thermogenic ability and vascularization. Additional factors that influence adipose tissue heterogeneity are genetic predisposition, environment, gender and age. Under obese condition, these depot-specific differences translate into specific fat distribution patterns, which are closely associated with differential cardiometabolic risks. For instance, individuals with central obesity are more susceptible to developing diabetes and cardiovascular complications, whereas those with peripheral obesity are more metabolically healthy. This review summarizes the clinical and mechanistic evidence for the depot-specific differences that give rise to different metabolic consequences, and provides therapeutic insights for targeted treatment of obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, White* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glucose ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Population Characteristics*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between condom use and oral contraceptive consumption and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Perth clinics. A total of 348 women responded to the structured questionnaire. Information sought included demographic and lifestyle characteristics such as the use of condom for contraception, consumption of oral contraceptive, and duration of oral contraceptive usage. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models and reported as estimates of the relative risk. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN was found to be 15.8%. The duration of oral contraceptive consumption among women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear result indicating CIN was significantly shorter than those without abnormal Pap smear result (mean+/-SD, 5.6+/-5.2 years vs. 8.2+/-7.6 years; p=0.002). Comparing to < or =3 years usage, prolonged consumption of oral contraceptive for > or =10 years reduced the risk of CIN (p=0.012). However, use of condom for contraception might not be associated with a reduced risk of CIN after accounting for the effects of confounding factors (adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.05 to 5.11; p=0.577). CONCLUSION: Use of oral contraceptives, but not condoms, for contraception appeared to be inversely associated with CIN. Prolonged use of oral contraceptive demonstrated its benefits of reducing the risk of CIN.
Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Condoms/*utilization ; Contraception Behavior/*statistics & numerical data ; Contraceptives, Oral/*administration & dosage ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Western Australia/epidemiology