Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; parasitology ; Myiasis ; Nasal Cavity ; parasitology

Objective: To analyze the effect of colorectal cancer screening in the general population in Guangzhou, and provide evidence for the for development of colorectal cancer screening policy and strategy. Methods: The data of colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou during 2015- 2016 were collected. The participation, the positive rate of fecal occult blood test, the detection rate of colonoscopy and screening effect of colonoscopy were evaluated. Results: A total of 220 834 residents aged 50-74 years received the screening, and the positive rate of the screening was 16.77% (37 040 cases). Colonoscopy was performed for 7 821 cases (21.12%). Colorectal lesions were found in 4 126 cases (52.76%), of which 614 (7.85%) and 73 (0.93%) and 230 (2.94%) were identified as advanced adenoma, severe dysplasia lesions and colorectal cancers, respectively. The detection rates of all colorectal lesions were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01). The diagnostic rate of early lesion was 87.24%, and 99 early cancer cases were found, accounting for 46.26% of the total cases. The overall screening detection rate of colorectal cancer was 104.15/100 000, higher than the incidence rate (81.18/100 000) in colorectal cancer surveillance (P<0.001), but age group <70 years had higher detection rate, age group ≥70 years had higher incidence rate. Conclusions: The colorectal cancer screening strategy in Guangzhou is effective in the detection of the population at high risk, increase the detection rate of colorectal lesions, early diagnosis rate of precancerous lesions and diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer. The benefit in those aged ≤69 years was more obvious than that in those aged 70-74 years. It is necessary to improve the compliancy of colorectal cancer screening in population at high risk.
Adenoma/prevention & control* ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunochemistry ; Male ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Occult Blood ; Predictive Value of Tests

Objective: To investigate the rates on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in population older than 15 years of age in Beijing, 2013-2014. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing between 2013-2014. Stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select representative sample of 13 057 Chinese individuals aged over 15 years, from the general population. Blood pressure was measured for three readings at sitting position after resting for at least five minutes with an average reading recorded. A standardized structured questionnaire was developed to collect history of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment. Results: A total of 4 663 community residents aged over 15 years were hypertensive among the 13 057 individuals, with the standardized prevalence rate as 32.7%, in Beijing area. The age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension appeared 34.6% in men and 30.8% in women. The age-and sexstandardized prevalence of hypertension rates were 33.3% in urban and 24.6% in rural areas. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and appeared higher in men than in women, in urban than in rural residents. Among the hypertensive patients, rates of awareness, treatment and control were 66.8%, 64.6% and 31.6%, respectively. Conclusion: High prevalence of hypertension with low rates on awareness and treatment and control, appeared in the general population of Beijing. Related strategies should be developed regarding prevention, control and management of hypertension, to reduce the burden of this disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Awareness ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish a mother and child cohort in the Chinese population, and investigate human breastmilk (HBM) composition and its relationship with maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant growth during the first 3 mon of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 101 Chinese mother and infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort. Alterations in the milk macronutrients of Chinese mothers at 1 mon (T1), 2 mon (T2), and 3 mon (T3) lactation were analyzed. HBM fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography (GC), and HBM proteomic profiling was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: During the first 3 mon of lactation (P < 0.05), significant decreases were determined in the levels of total energy, fat, protein, and osteopontin (OPN), as well as ratios of long-chain saturated FA (including C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0), monounsaturated FA (including C16:1), and n-6 poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) (including C20:3n-6 and C20:4n-6, and n-6-3). Conversely, butyrate, C6:0 and n-3 PUFA C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) were significantly increased during the first 3 mon (P < 0.05). HBM proteomic analyses distinguished compositional protein differences over time (P = 0.001). Personalized motherinfant analyses demonstrated that HBM from high BMI mothers presented increased total energy, fat, protein and OPN, and increased content of n-6 PUFA (including C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and n-6-3 ratio) as compared with low BMI mothers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BMI of the mothers positively correlated with the head circumference (HC) of infants as well as the specific n-6 PUFA C20:3n-6 over the 3 time points examined. Infant HC was negatively associated with C18:0. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence to the Chinese HBM database, and further knowledge of FA function. It also helps to establish future maternal strategies that support the healthy growth and development of Chinese infants.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish a mother and child cohort in the Chinese population, and investigate human breastmilk (HBM) composition and its relationship with maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant growth during the first 3 mon of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 101 Chinese mother and infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort. Alterations in the milk macronutrients of Chinese mothers at 1 mon (T1), 2 mon (T2), and 3 mon (T3) lactation were analyzed. HBM fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography (GC), and HBM proteomic profiling was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: During the first 3 mon of lactation (P < 0.05), significant decreases were determined in the levels of total energy, fat, protein, and osteopontin (OPN), as well as ratios of long-chain saturated FA (including C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0), monounsaturated FA (including C16:1), and n-6 poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) (including C20:3n-6 and C20:4n-6, and n-6-3). Conversely, butyrate, C6:0 and n-3 PUFA C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) were significantly increased during the first 3 mon (P < 0.05). HBM proteomic analyses distinguished compositional protein differences over time (P = 0.001). Personalized motherinfant analyses demonstrated that HBM from high BMI mothers presented increased total energy, fat, protein and OPN, and increased content of n-6 PUFA (including C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and n-6-3 ratio) as compared with low BMI mothers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BMI of the mothers positively correlated with the head circumference (HC) of infants as well as the specific n-6 PUFA C20:3n-6 over the 3 time points examined. Infant HC was negatively associated with C18:0. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence to the Chinese HBM database, and further knowledge of FA function. It also helps to establish future maternal strategies that support the healthy growth and development of Chinese infants.

A knife-edge method is used here to measure the beam width of the highly repetitive high-power thin disk Yb:KYW femtosecond laser (MABEL-Mannheim Biomedical Engineering Lab, University of Heidelberg, Germany). Presented in this paper is the detailed measuring process together with the results verified by theoretical calculating and scanning electron microscope measurements respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the knife-dege method is an effective beam width measurement tool of high-power femtosecond lasers.
Bioengineering ; instrumentation ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVE: In-depth understanding of endoscopic anatomy of the skull base is the cornerstone of the development of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. The purpose of this study is to explore the anatomical landmarks of the clivus for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. METHOD: Eight silicon-injected adult cadaveric heads (16 sides) were dissected performing endoscopic endonasal approach. The clivus and adjacent structures were exposed; and their anatomy shown in detail. High-quality pictures were produced. RESULT: The clivus was subdivided into the upper, the middle and the lower clivus. Extracranial soft tissue landmarks and bony landmarks were presented. Intradural landmarks of the upper clivus were the interpeduncular cistern, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, superior cerebellar artery, cranial nerve III and cerebral peduncle; intradural landmarks of the middle clivus were the prepontine cistern, basilar artery, cranial nerve VI and pons; intradural landmarks of lower clivus were premedullary cistern, vertebral artery, cranial nerve XI and medulla oblongata. Surgical routes to the clivus were the upper clivus approach, middle clivus approach, lower clivus approach and panclival approach. CONCLUSION An understanding of the complex anatomy of the clivus is paramount for surgically dealing with the disease involved clivus and adjacent region.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nose ; Skull Base

Child birth is associated with severely painful experience for the parturient, and often exceeds one’s expectations. Even though, severe pain is non life-threatening condition in healthy parturient women, it may lead to undesired neuropsychological consequences. When no analgesia was used, postnatal depression may be more common, and this labour pain leads to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Epidural analgesia is now considered gold standard for effective pain relief during labour. We here report a case of a 37-year-old G1 P0 patient at term gestation who successfully used epidural analgesia for labour pain management.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kuanxiong aerosol in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina ，and to provide evidence-based reference for climical drug use . METHODS ：Retrieved from Cochrane Library，PubMed，Embase，CKNI，Wanfang data ，VIP，and CBM ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about Kuanxiong aerosol （trial group ）versus nitroglycerin （control group ）in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina were collected during the inception to Mar. 20th，2020. After literature screening and data extraction ，quality assessment was performed using the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane System Evaluator Manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for the stability of the result ，and trial sequential analysis （TSA）was performed by using TSA 0.9 software. RESULTS ：A total of 11 RCTs were included ，with a total of 1 847 cases. Meta-analysis showed that improvement rate of angina pectoris （within 3 min）[RR＝1.11，95％CI（1.02，1.22），P＝0.02] and total response rate of angina pectoris （within 5 min）[RR＝1.04，95％ CI（1.01，1.07），P＝0.01] in trial group were significantly higher than control group；the incidence of ADR [RR＝0.44，95％CI（0.35，0.57），P＜0.000 01] in trial group was significantly lower than control group. There was no statistical significance in total response rate of ECG [RR＝1.02，95％CI（0.97，1.09），P＝0.42] or the level of NO after treatment [SMD ＝－0.08，95％CI（－0.61，0.45），P＝0.76] between 2 groups. The results of sensitiv ity analysis and TSA showed that the efficacy evidence of Kuanxiong aerosol in the treatment of coronary heart disease pectoris was not accurate ，but the evidence of safety was accurate. CONCLUSIONS ：Kuanxiong aerosol can improve the efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease angina ，and the safety is better ，but the conclusions of efficacy needs to be further confirmed by enlarging sample size.

Objective: To optimize the warning threshold values of common communicable diseases in Gansu province, and improve the early warning effect. Method: An early warning model was set up for influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, viral hepatitis type E and hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) respectively in Gansu by using the moving percentile method and cumulative sum method. By calculating the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive test, predictive value of negative test, Youden' index and receiver-operating characteristic curve, the optimum early warning threshold values for communicable diseases in Gansu were selected. Results: The optimum early warning boundary values of influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, and viral hepatitis type E were P(90), P(80), P(95), P(90), P(80) and P(90) respectively. The optimum early warning parameters of HFMD were k=1.2, H=5σ. Under the optimum early warning boundary values/parameters, the early warning sensitivities of influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, viral hepatitis type E and HFMD were 86.67%, 100.00%, 91.67%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 100.00%, the specificities were 86.49%, 62.22%, 75.00%, 100.00%, 97.92%, 89.13% and 74.47%. The predictive values of positive test were 72.22%, 29.17%, 52.38%, 100.00%, 80.00%, 54.55% and 29.41%, and the predictive values of negative test were 94.12%, 100.00%, 96.77%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 100.00%, and the Youden' indexes were 0.73, 0.62, 0.67, 1.00, 0.98,0.89 and 0.74. Receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that the values/parameters of this warning boundary were the points closest to the upper left of the coordinate diagram. Conclusion: The early warning thresholds of influenza, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery and hepatitis E in Gansu may be raised appropriately and the early warning parameters of HFMD need to be adjusted to improve the effectiveness of early warning.
China ; Communicable Disease Control/methods* ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology* ; Disease Notification ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Surveillance/methods*