Objective: To understand the status, attitude and related risk factors on smoking among 18-65 years old patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in Beijing. Methods: Data was gathered from the 2014 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program. Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used and 19 815 participants aged 18-65 were sampled from 16 districts in Beijing. Results: Among all the 18 405 participants, male hypertensive patients showed a higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (χ(2)=17.695, P<0.001). Male patients with dyslipidemia had higher current smoking rate than the other groups (χ(2)=39.292, P<0.001). However, female patients with COPD or with asthma showed higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (χ(2)=6.276, P=0.012), (χ(2)=8.245, P=0.004). Among the smokers, hypertensive patients presented lower rate (χ(2)=20.487, P<0.001) on intention of smoking concession, than the other groups. Patients with COPD showed greater intention in quitting smoking (χ(2)=6.085, P=0.048), than the other groups. Male patients with diabetes (χ(2)=9.219, P=0.010) or dyslipidemia (χ(2)=13.513, P=0.001) who had stopped smoking tobacco appeared having higher rates in keeping the current status. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that smoking was the risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.17), dyslipidemia (OR=1.25), COPD (OR=1.78), and asthma (OR=1.57). Conclusions: Patients with certain kinds of chronic diseases showed higher rate of current smoking and lower rate of quitting. Cigarette consumption appeared an important risk factor for patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, or asthma in Beijing.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma/epidemiology* ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Intention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Smokers ; Smoking/psychology* ; Smoking Cessation ; Nicotiana/adverse effects*

INTRODUCTIONThe 2005 American Association for Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) diagnostic criteria allow non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on their enhancement pattern but we have observed a high incidence of atypical enhancement characteristics in HCC associated with portal vein thrombosis. This study seeks to examine the radiological features of this particular subgroup.

MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients with HCC and portal vein thrombosis who underwent pre-treatment multiphasic CT imaging were drawn from a surgical database. The arterial, portal venous and delayed phase images were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively (with region of interest [ROI] analysis) for lesion hypervascularity and washout. The background enhancement of the left and right lobes of the liver was also quantifi ed by ROI analysis.

RESULTSTwenty-fi ve lesions in 25 patients were selected for analysis. Qualitative analysis showed that 10/25 (40%) lesions demonstrated arterial hypervascularity while 16/25 (64%) lesions showed washout. Ten out of 25 (40%) lesions demonstrated both arterial hypervascularity and washout. Quantitative analysis showed that the average absolute lesion enhancement from precontrast to arterial phases was 49.1 (± 17.1) HU for hypervascular lesions compared to 23.8 (± 16.6) HU for non-hypervascular lesions (P <0.01). The mean absolute enhancement of the background liver parenchyma in the arterial phase was 13.79 (± 7.9) HU for hypervascular lesions compared to 36.6 (± 30.6) HU for non-hypervascular lesions (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONA large proportion of HCC with portal vein thrombosis lack characteristic arterial hypervascularity, which may be secondary to compensatory increased arterial supply to the background liver. This is a potential pitfall when applying imaging criteria for diagnosis of HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Portal Vein ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Venous Thrombosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology

Humans ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Retrospective Studies

Humans ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology*

Humans ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors

Objective: To prospectively explore the association between tea drinking and incidence of stroke of adults of Zhejiang province. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang were included for final analysis. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the association of tea drinking with incident stroke. Results: The main type of drinking tea was black tea (79.78%), followed by green tea (20.08%). Of the 53 916 participants, the proportion of participants who drank tea at least once per week was 31.27%. The corresponding proportions for men and women were 60.24% and 10.30%, respectively. Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program (median 7.26 years), a total of 1 487 men and 1 769 women were diagnosed with stroke. After adjusting for socio-demographic status, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure, HR for incident stroke decreased with the increase of daily average tea consumption amount (P=0.000 6). Compared with participants who did not drink tea weekly, the HRs for incident stroke in those consuming tea 0.1-, 3.0- and ≥5.0 g/d were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.85-1.00), 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77-0.99) and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.69-0.89), respectively. The HRs for incident stroke in smokers and non-smokers who consumed tea ≥5.0 g/d were 0.71 (95%CI: 0.59-0.86) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.77-1.21), respectively, compared with current smokers and non-smokers who did not drink tea weekly (P=0.040 0). The corresponding HRs for alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers were 0.96 (95%CI: 0.76-1.22) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.58-0.84), respectively (P=0.040 0). The corresponding HRs for central obese persons and non-central obese persons were 0.60 (95%CI: 0.44-0.81) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.73-1.01), respectively (P=0.040 0). Conclusion: Tea drinking had an effect on reducing the possibility of incident stroke, especially among those who were current smokers, non-alcohol drinkers and central obese.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/ethnology* ; Tea/adverse effects*

Objective: To explore the effect of BMI and waist circumference on diabetes of adults. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 people aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang city of Zhejiang province were recruited. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios (HR) for the associations of baseline BMI and waist circumference with incident diabetes. Results: Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program between 2004 and 2013 (median 7.26 years), a total of 944 men and 1 643 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those with normal weight, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of both overweight and obesity in men for incident diabetes appeared as 2.72 (95%CI: 2.47-2.99) and 6.27 (95%CI: 5.33-7.36), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 2.19 (95%CI: 2.04-2.36) and 3.78 (95%CI: 3.36-4.26). Compared to those with normal waist circumference, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of Ⅰgrade andⅡgrade in men for diabetes were 2.56 (95%CI: 2.22-2.95) and 4.66 (95%CI: 4.14-5.24), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 1.99 (95%CI: 1.80-2.21) and 3.16 (95%CI: 2.90-3.44), respectively. Conclusions: Overweight, obesity and central obesity were all associated with the increased incident of diabetes. Strategies on diabetes prevention should include not only losing weight, but reducing waist circumference as well.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/ethnology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference