Dust ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology*

Objective: To understand the circulation, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of Salmonella1, 4, [5], 12: i:- in human in Guangdong province. Methods:Salmonella1, 4, [5], 12: i:- isolated from diarrhea patients in Guangdong during 2007-2016 were detected for drug resistance, genes and PFGE characteristics. Results: A total of 2 960 strains Salmonella1, 4, [5], 12: i: - were isolated from human diarrhea cases during this period. The positive rates of the isolation increased year by year. The male to female ratio of the infection cases was 1.58∶1, and the infection mainly occurred in infants and young children. Except imipenem, Salmonella1, 4, [5], 12: i: - was resistant to other 17 antibiotics to some extent. The drug resistant rates to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin increased from 2011 to 2016. Multi-drug resistance was serious, for example, the multi-drug resistant strains with ASSuT accounted for 70.62% (435/616) and the multi-drug resistant strains with ACSuGSTTm accounted for 27.11% (167/616). The lack of fljA, fljB and hin genes, as well as the retaining of iroB, STM2740, STM2757 genes, resulted in the unable expression of FljBenx gene with 8 different defection profiles. There were 934 different PFGE patterns observed in 2 347 strains, which displayed a relatively large fingerprint polymorphism. The major PFGE pattern was JPXX01. GD0226, which was found in 97 strains, accounting for 4.13% (97/2 347). The PFGE patterns in 168 Salmonella1, 4, [5], 12: i: - strains were consistent with that of Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusions:Salmonella1,4,[5], 12: i: - strains has become the major serotype of Salmonella that cause diarrhea in human in Guangdong. The multi-drug resistance of Salmonella1,4, [5], 12: i: - was serious, and since the defection of fljA, fljB and hin genes, the expression of FljBenx protein failed. The PFGE results were diverse, which displayed polymorphism in inheritance.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Diarrhea/microbiology* ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Salmonella Infections/prevention & control* ; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification* ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Serogroup ; Serotyping ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the effects of both pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the birth weight of neonates. Methods: A total of 5 395 pregnant women were selected from the Southwest areas of China (Sichuan/Yunnan/Guizhou) and were divided into groups as pre-gestational underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity, according to the WHO Recommendation on BMI Classification. Guidelines on Pregnancy weight were adopted from the Institute of Medicine to confirm the accuracy of GWG. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between pregestational BMI and GWG, on the birth weight of the neonates. Results: After adjusting for related confounders, low pre-gestational BMI appeared as a risk factor for SGA (OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.47-2.50), and was also associated with the decreased risk of LGA (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.47-0.66). Inadequate GWG was both associated with the increased risk of delivering SGA (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.21-2.03) and the decreased risk of LGA (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.41-0.57). Pre-gestational overweight/obesity (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.58-2.17) and excessive GWG (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.67- 2.11) were both positively associated with the risks on LGA. Data from the stratified analysis indicated that inadequate GWG was positively associated with the risk of SGA among underweight or normal weight women (all P<0.05), but not with those overweight/obese women. Conclusions: Pre-gestational BMI and GWG were important influencing factors on the birth weight of neonates. Health education programs for pregnant women should be intensified and gestational weight gain should also be reasonably under control.
Adult ; Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Gestational Weight Gain ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prospective Studies ; Weight Gain

Objective: To obtain experience and generate suggestions for reducing average hospital stays, optimizing perioperative management of patients with gastric cancer and improving utilization of medical resources by analyzing the factors influencing super-long hospital stays in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in the age of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods: This was a case-control study. Inclusion criteria: (1) pathologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma; (2) radical surgery for gastric cancer; and (3) complete clinicopathologic data. Exclusion criteria: (1) history of upper abdominal surgery; (2) presence of distant metastasis of gastric cancer or other ongoing neoplastic diseases; (3) concurrent chemoradiotherapy; and (4) preoperative gastric cancer-related complications such as obstruction or perforation. The study cohort comprised 285 eligible patients with hospital stays of ≥30 days (super-long hospital stay group). Using propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, age, sex, medical insurance, pTNM stage, and extent of surgical resection as matching factors, 285 patients with hospital stays of < 30 days during the same period were selected as the control group (non-long hospital stay group). The primary endpoint was relationship between pre-, intra-, and post-operative characteristics and super-long hospital stays. Clavien-Dindo grade was used to classify complications. Results: Univariate analysis showed that number of comorbidities, number of preoperative consultations, preoperative consultation, inter-departmental transference, operation time, open surgery, blood loss, intensive care unit time, presence of surgical or non-surgical complications, Clavien-Dindo grade of postoperative complications, and reoperation were associated with super-long hospital stays (all P<0.05). Inter-departmental transference (OR=4.876, 95% CI: 1.500-16.731, P<0.001), preoperative consultation time ≥ 3 d (OR=1.758, 95%CI: 1.036-2.733, P=0.034), postoperative surgery-related complications (OR = 6.618, 95%CI: 2.141-20.459, P=0.01), and higher grade of complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade I: OR = 7.176, 95%CI: 1.785-28.884, P<0.001; Clavien-Dindo Grade II: OR = 18.984, 95%CI: 6.286-57.312, P<0.001; Clavien-Dindo Grade III-IV: OR=7.546, 95%CI:1.495-37.952, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for super-long hospital stays. Conclusion: Optimizing preoperative management, enhancing perioperative management, and surgical quality control can reduce the risk of prolonging average hospital stay.
Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Length of Stay ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology*

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of physical activity and its influencing factors in rural residents in Shanxi and Chongqing. Methods: In four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing, local residents aged ≥18 who lived there for more than one year and had no plan to migrate to other areas in 2 years were surveyed through face to face questionnaire interviews to collect the information about their daily physical activity time, sedentary time, related knowledge and attitude, and others. Results: The physical inactivity rate of the residents was 14.9%, and 88.7% of residents never took daily physical activity. The average sedentary time was (3.91±2.06) hours. The results of multivariate analysis showed that education level, per capita monthly income and activity degree were the factors influencing physical inactivity. Conclusion: The proportion of people who never took daily physical activity in the survey area was higher than the average level in rural areas in China, so measures should be taken to improve the overall rate of physical activity. For people who have exercise willingness, but have no practice, and those who have already increased their physical activities, targeted guidance is needed on the basis of strengthened health education.
China ; Educational Status ; Exercise ; Health Education ; Humans ; Income ; Motivation ; Motor Activity ; Physicians ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in Sichuan province. Methods: Blood-sucking insects were collected from houses and pens, using the ultraviolet lights. Mosquito samples were classified according to morphologic characteristics and then stored at liquid nitrogen. All samples were incubated with BHK-21 and C6/36 cells for virus isolation and then detected for their viral genes. Sequences of the virus were identified and analyzed by molecular biological software, such as BioEdit 7.0.5.3, MEGA 6.0. Results: In total, 17 019 mosquitoes from 3 genera and 4 species and 12 700 midges were collected from the southeast regions of Sichuan province in 2016 and 2017. Among them, 79.4% (13 519/17 019) belonged to Culex tritaeniorhynchus with 11.1% (1 897/17 019) as Armigeres subalbatus, 5.5% (930/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis and 4.0% (673/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis 3 virus strains that isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus were identified as typeⅠ Japanese encephalitis virus. Seven pools of mosquitoes isolated from Hejiang county were identified Japanese encephalitis virus gene positive through PCR amplification. With 4 pool midges were detected positive for Akabane virus through PCR gene amplification while midges samples didn't have virus isolates. Conclusions: Culex tritaeniorhynchus appeared the predominant species in the southeast regions of Sichuan. Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquitoes and Akabane virus by midges were prevalent in southeast Sichuan province.
Animals ; Arboviruses ; Culicidae ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/isolation & purification* ; Encephalitis, Japanese/diagnosis* ; Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.
Amines ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dentin ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nanocomposites ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Tooth Remineralization ; methods

To explore the diagnosis,treatment,surgical approach and prognosis of parapharyngeal space tumors.The clinical data of 188 patients with parapharyngeal space tumor who were treated from January 2007 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent imaging examination before operation.Surgical approach was as follows:transcervical approach applied in 159 cases,endoscopic-assisted transnasal approach in 9 cases,transcervical-transmandibular approach in 8 cases,transcervical-transparotid approach in 8 cases,transoral approach in 7 cases,and infratemporal fossa approach in 4 case.Of the 188 cases,the tumor was benign in nature in 168 cases(89%)and malignant in 20 cases(11%).Complications occurred in 28(15%)patients,with the most common symptom being hoarseness.168 cases of benign tumors were followed up for 10 months to 10 years,and 3 cases were lost and 4 cases had recurrence.All cases underwent re-operation.Patients with malignant tumors received combined treatment after surgery,and 3 cases were lost to follow-up,1 case died of recurrence 9 months after surgery,the rest survived.Surgery is the preferred method for treating parapharyngeal space tumors and postoperative recurrence rate is pretty low.Endoscopy provides a new surgical management method,helping to reduce postoperative complications and recurrence rate.
Endoscopy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies