PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of sleep with the serum lipid profile in patients who have restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: The data were obtained from 116 patients with RLS through questionnaires and blood sampling. RESULTS: The results of this study showed correlations between lower quality of sleep and serum lipid profile (LDL Cholesterol) in patients with RLS (r=.19, p=.040). There were correlations for scores of quality of sleep from the, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sub-region between lower subjective sleep quality and serum lipid profile (LDL Cholesterol) (r=.20, p=.026), between fewer hours of sleep duration and serum lipid profile (Total Cholesterol) (r=-.21, p=.024), and, between higher daytime dysfunction and serum lipid profile (LDL Cholesterol) (r=.42, p<.001) of patients with RLS. CONCLUSION: Patients with RLS have sleep disorders with lower quality of sleep and changes in the serum lipid profile for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. That is, patients with RLS have lower quality of sleep and dyslipidemia compared to persons without RLS. Further research is needed to monitor serum the lipid profile in early stage symptoms of midlife adult patients with RLS and especially older women.
Adult ; Aged ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Restless Legs Syndrome/blood/*psychology ; *Sleep ; Triglycerides/blood

No abstract available.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry* ; Humans* ; Steroids*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stroke onset is known to vary by several factors. Although it has been known that stroke may develop most frequently in the morning, its association with the type of activity has quite rarely been described. METHODS: We prospectively investigated by interview the time of and the activity during or before the onset of stroke in patients with acute cerebral infarction from Aug. 1995 to Mar. 1996. The activities were subdivided into basal metabolic rate state, sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy movements based on the caloric expenditure. RESULTS: One hundred-twenty five patients were enrolled. The time of day when ischemic stroke most frequently occurred was from 8:00 AM to noon. The type of activity was significantly associated with stroke onset in that it developed most commonly during and just after sleep or resting. The relationship between the onset of stroke and such patterns of onset time and the activity was found only in the atherothrombotic infarction, but not in the other stroke types. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that stroke has clear diurnal variation. Our observations also suggested that the activity may be significantly associated with stroke onset. These findings may be useful for better understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of ischemic stroke.
Basal Metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infarction ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore the experiences of graduate student women with children fulfilling multiple roles and to generate a substantive theory. METHODS: This study uses the grounded theory method based on Strauss and Corbin(1988)'s method. Interviews were conducted with 11 graduate student women who had children aged three of older. RESULTS: The core category of this research is 'Role balancing for self-generativity'. Based on the core category, three types of married women graduate students' experiences were found. They are 'concentrating on graduate-work' 'postponing graduate-work' and 'adjustment between two roles' CONCLUSIONS: Through understanding the married women's multiple roles experience process, there can be a basis for making a women's health system and social support system for the married women graduate student. Also, this research is to generate a substantive theory which can helps to change social perspectives on the quality of life for the women who will contribute in Korean society as professionals.
Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Women's Health

Systolic coronary arterial narrowing, secondary to myocardial bridging which is capable of producing chest pain, myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation is a known but an uncommon entity. A supra-arterial myotomy in a case of myocardial bridge causing medication-refractory angina is described. Under the partial sternotomy incision, we performed a supra-arterial myotomy in the left anterior descending coronary artery without cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Myocardial Bridging* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Sternotomy ; Ventricular Fibrillation

PURPOSE: Many of the enzymes handling environmental factors are polymorphic and may confer variable susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Among those, the author studied genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 (B & T) and CYP1A1 in RCCs and controls in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 132 RCCs and 94 controls, first PCR products were obtained in 104 RCCs and 94 controls with CYP2D6, and 74 RCCs and 56 controls with CYP1A1. Res triction enzyme - BstN I/EcoN I for CYP2D6 (B & T), and NCo I for CYP1A1-digestion was followed to analyze constitutive DNA. RESULTS: In both RCCs and controls, no mutant allele of CYP2D6 (B & T) was detected and the susceptibility for occurrence of RCC was unable to evaluate. With CYP1A1 RFLP, homozy gous wild type (WW) was seen in 68 (52.3%; 37 RCCs, 31 controls), heterozygous mutant type (WM) in 54 (41.5%; 32 RCCs, 22 controls) and homozygous mutant type (MM) in 8 (6.2%; 5 RCCs, 3 controls). The odds ratios (95% CI) of RCC susceptibility for CYP1A1 genotype were 1.15 for WM and 1.36 for MM. Even though not significant statistically, higher tendency in MM presented. CONCLUSION: There is no association between susceptibility for the occurrence of RCC and genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 (B & T) and CYP1A1.
Alleles ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; DNA ; Genotype ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

The pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of chest wall. The most common cause of surgical correction is cosmetic problem. From January 1981 to July 1996, 24 patients had undergone surgery for pectus excavatum and they were corrected by Ravitch operation (n=4) or modified Wada operation (n=20) respectively. We analyzed each surgical cases according to age, sex, chief complaint, degree of deformity, EKG findings, complications and satisfaction degree of patient. In some cases, we measured Welch index preoperatively and postoperatively. The postoperative complications were wound infection in two, pneumothorax in two and reccurrence in one. The average value of Welch index was significantly improved from 5.86+/-0.51 preoperatively to 4.10+/-0.51 postoperatively (p<0.05). The results by Humphreys' criteria were satisfiable in 88% (excellent 71%, good 17%). The findings of this study suggest that surgical correction of pectus excavatum with modified Wada rocedure and submammary s in incision is effective method in physical and psychiatric aspect.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Electrocardiography ; Funnel Chest* ; Humans ; Pneumothorax ; Postoperative Complications ; Thoracic Wall ; Wound Infection

Homologous blood transfusion entails substantial risks, including allergic reactions, transmission diseases such as hepatitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Autotransfusion system is a common method of reducing the need for homologous blood transfusion during cardiac operation. Between July 1993 and July 1995, a series of 40 patients undergoing open heart surgery was selected to an autotransfusion group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). The cell saver system (AT1000, Electromedics, Englewood, CO, USA) was employed for autotransfusion. With this system, shed blood in operative field during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and remained blood in cardiotomy reservior after CPB was aspirated by means of a locally heparinized collecting system. After centrifuge salvaged blood, the resulting red cell concentrate reinfused subsequently. The amounts of blood loss were 766.5+/-121.3 ml in cell saver group, 770.1+/-113.6 ml in control group, and there were no significant differences between two groups (P=NS). The amounts of blood transfused were 2.91+/-1.72 units in cell saver group, 4.82+/-1.72 units in control group. Composition of processed blood by cell saver was hemoglobin 17.4 gm%, hematocrit 56.4%, RBC 5,780,000/ul, WBC 9,900/ul, and platelet 33,000/ul. There was no complication related to cell saver. Conclusively, cell saver autotransfusion system is safe, effective method for reducing the homologous blood trasfusion in cardiac surgery.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Heparin ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Thoracic Surgery*

Total body water is increased after cardiopulmonary bypass resulting in tissue edema and organ dysfunction. Ultrafiltration has been used to reduce this accumulation of water. We have carried out a prospective randomized study in 17 children undergoing open heart surgery, comparing modified ultrafiltration (MUF) with nonfiltered controls. MUF was carried out for about 10 minutes after completion of cardiopulmonary bypass to a hematocrit 36~42%. Blood loss, blood transfused, hemodynamics, and laboratory data were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, comparing controls (n=7) to ultrafiltered (n=10). There was no death in each group. The mean filtrate volume (ml/kg) was 42 (30~68). Blood loss (ml/kg/24hr) was 14.5 mean (4.0~26.6) in controls versus 12.1 mean (6.0~21.5) in MUF (p>0.05) ; blood transfused (ml/kg/24hr) was 9.4 mean (6.0~36.3) in controls versus 3.4 mean (0~11.4) in MUF (p<0.05). There was rise in arterial blood pressure during MUF. Percent rise of systolic blood pressure was 4.2 (0~11.7) in controls versus 19.8 (7.0~36.9) in MUF (P=0.001). Percent rise of diastolic blood pressure was 10.0 (1.6~20.8) in controls versus 30.6 (5.8~73.3) in MUF (p<0.05). Platelet count, fibrinogen, and oncotic pressure rose after MUF. No complications directly attributable to the ultrafiltration were observed. Conclusively, MUF is safe, effective means of removing body water and beneficial to hemodynamics.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Body Water ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child ; Edema ; Fibrinogen ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Prospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Ultrafiltration*

The subjects of the study were the 120 mothers who had children hospitalized in 6 hospitals in P city during the period from Feb. 1. to May 30. 1996. The purpose of the study are (1) the problem encountered when they carried out Home Care after discharge and (2) the degrees of demand that they had against Home Care Services. In order to investigate the purpose above-mentioned the researchers used the 55 items of Home Care services belonging to 10 areas selected by Korea Home-Care Association in 1994. The items were modified and supplemented to 4-point scale. The selected data were analyzed by SPSS:PC+ and the following results were derived. 1. The subjects payed great attention to 5 items such as "pain control, OPD visits, diet-control problems" among the 15 sources of anxiety that they had against Home Care services after discharge. Especially, "OPD visits and knowledge deficit" would to be overcome by the nursing activities of the Home Care Nurses. 2. The acknowledge level of the subjects to the Home Care Project that governmental plans to carry out was surveyed and found as under : 50.0% responded they heard about Home Care Nursing System. 60.8% said that they thought the system was "very necessary" and "somewhat necessary". 65.0% said they would like to use the system. However, the acknowledge level of 50.0% is still low and is thought to need further national promotion and propagation. 3. The demand of the subjects against 55 Home Care Services was investigated and found as

. "Assessment, Lab, basic nursing technology, relay & transfer, training & education and curative nursing" showed comparatively high scores. However, the items belonging to pediatric Home Care Services such as "umbilical cord care, breast=feeding, infant care, and post-parum care & loan of breast-pump" showed relatively low scores.
Anxiety ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Education ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Korea ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Child Health