Propofol is a rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agent used for the induction of anesthesia, with a low incidence of side effects. But pain on injection of propofol has limited its use. The additional effect of lidocaine on painful injection of propofol was studied, during induction of general anesthesia in 75 patients in a prospective, randomized method. They were allocated randomly to three groups to receive propofol 2.0 mg/kg(group A), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.2 mg/kg(group B), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.3 mg/kg(group C). Pain score was assessed on a simple scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe pain). Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at 1, 3, 5, 7 minutes after endotracheal intubation. In group B and C, significantly smaller pain score was observed. On the other hand, changes of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate after endotracheal intubation was not significant. It is concluded that the addition of small amount of lidocaine can significantly reduce the severity of pain on injection of propofol.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies

Currently intracavernous pharmacotherapy is the second common therapeutic modality for erectile dysfunction after the introduction of Viagra. Nevertheless, intracavernous pharmacotherapy has increased in popularity for the past 15 years. While having an overwhelming safety after complete training in injection method, this treatment option can reveal unexpected complications related to self-injection. We report two cases of intracavernous needle breakage associated with alprostadil (Caverject , Pharmacia-Upjohn) and trimix self-injection therapy with a brief review of the literature.
Alprostadil ; Drug Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Needles* ; Sildenafil Citrate

BACKGROUND: Modern physicians' role as a model is very important in advocating health promoting behaviors for their patients. In this study, we compared health promoting behaviors and corresponding health perceptions between law students and medical students with evaluation of the association between health promoting behaviors and corresponding health perceptions. METHODS: The data of this survey, conducted among law students and medical students attending a university in a metropolitan city in June, 2004, were collected by self-administered questionnaire based on FANTASTIC lifestyle checklist adjusted to reflect Korean circumstances. RESULTS: Qestionnaires from 74 law students and 136 medical students were analysed. The medical students showed better health behaviors in terms of fastening seatbelt, leisure time, sleep, and salt intake reduction. The medical students showed better health perceptions in terms of exercise, activity, body weight, animal fat and salt intake reduction, smoking cessation. The law students showed better perceptions in being impatient. Significant association between health behavior and health perception was observed in relationship with family and friends, exercise, activity, breakfast, reduced intake animal fat, smoking cessation, reduced drug and drinking habits, sleep, fastening seatbelt, regular physical exam, positive thought, and school satisfaction in the law students. In the medical students, significant association was observed in relationship with family and friends, exercise, breakfast, reduced drinking, sleep, fastening seatbelt, coping skills for stress, regular physical exam, and positive thought. CONCLUSION: Even though the medical students were more concerned about and engaged in some health promoting behaviors, other factors affecting medical students' health promoting behaviors than health perception should be addressed further.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Checklist ; Drinking ; Friends ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Jurisprudence* ; Leisure Activities ; Life Style ; Physician's Role ; Smoking Cessation ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore the experiences of graduate student women with children fulfilling multiple roles and to generate a substantive theory. METHODS: This study uses the grounded theory method based on Strauss and Corbin(1988)'s method. Interviews were conducted with 11 graduate student women who had children aged three of older. RESULTS: The core category of this research is 'Role balancing for self-generativity'. Based on the core category, three types of married women graduate students' experiences were found. They are 'concentrating on graduate-work' 'postponing graduate-work' and 'adjustment between two roles' CONCLUSIONS: Through understanding the married women's multiple roles experience process, there can be a basis for making a women's health system and social support system for the married women graduate student. Also, this research is to generate a substantive theory which can helps to change social perspectives on the quality of life for the women who will contribute in Korean society as professionals.
Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Women's Health

Propofol, by virtue of its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, has already achieved considerable popularity for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for short duration surgery. Short acting opioids are often used as part of balanced technique. Because of their similar pharmacodynamic characteristics(rapid onset and short duration of action), it seems that propofol and fentanyl would be a adequate complementary agents for total intravenous anesthesia when used in combination. The purpose of present study was to access the effect of fentanyl on the changes hemodynamic and respiratory responses when used in combination with propofol. Eighty patients of ASA grade l or 2 scheduled to undergo minor gynecological, abdominal and orthopedic procedures were allocated randomly to 4 groups. Group A, C was induced with pentothal sodium or propofol alone respectively and maintained using 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were checked before induction, and 2, 4, 6, 8 minutes after injection. The results were as follows 1) Changes in mean arterial pressur, after 2 minutes were more significantly decreased in propofol with fentanyl group than propofol alone. 2) Changes in heart rate Minimal changes in propofol group, but showed significantly decrease in propofol-fentanyl group. 3) Resipiratory changes Propofol-fentanyl group produce a more frequent, long standing apnea than other group. 4) Side effect Excitatory effects, and pain on injection were more frequent in propofol group than pentothal sodium group. Nausea, vomiting were more frequent in pentothal sodium group than propofol group.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Apnea ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Nausea ; Nitrous Oxide ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Oxygen ; Propofol* ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Virtues ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to explore the cyber world immersion experience of adolescents. METHOD: Multiple strategies for data collecting were used: an in depth face-to-face interview; analysis of adolescent` writings; and analysis of examples of phenomenon in the realistic world. The sample group consisted of 10 adolescents. RESULT: Although the experience was different for all adolescent interviewed, the essential themes of experience emerged: "fill up", "homoeologous feeling", "the older generation has a conflicting negative opinion", "change in social character", "become habitually skeptic", "have bad health", "mean of superiority and getting everything solved", "ease of access", "monetary benefit", "addiction to the computer", "forget real life solved stress", "do harm to society", "take comfort", or "new job". CONCLUSION: Accordingly this paper suggests that contact with various software is necessary in adolescents, and good quality contents function to prepare and activate adolescents to apply the internet for good use.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Adult ; *Attitude to Computers ; Humans ; *Internet ; Male

PURPOSE: This study was done to determine the effects of weight management program using self-efficacy in middle-aged obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on the weight efficacy lifestyle, body composition, and depression. METHOD: The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 21 middle-aged obese women and another 21 middle-aged obese women in the control group. The women in the experimental group participated in the weight management program for 12 weeks using self-efficacy. The weight management program using self-efficacy included education on effects of exercise for weight control, aerobic exercise program, muscle training and counseling through the telephone. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of participation in the program, BMI (p<.0001), body fat % (p<.0001), abdominal fat (p<.0001), in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Weight self-efficacy lifestyle (p<.0001) and depression (p=.006) in the experimental group were significantly improved after the program compared to the control group. According to these findings, weight management program self-efficacy for middle-aged obese women could increase weight efficacy lifestyle, and decrease depression, BMI, body fat, and abdominal fat. CONCLUSION: The result also suggested that the increasing weight efficacy and lifestyle help the obese women to perform and continue exercise. This program could be used in the community such as public health center for weight care and mental health promotion of middle-aged obese women.
Adult ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Counseling/organization & administration ; Depression/complications/*prevention & control/psychology ; Exercise Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Lipids/blood ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Obesity/blood/complications/*prevention & control/psychology ; Patient Education as Topic/*organization & administration ; Program Evaluation ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Questionnaires ; *Self Efficacy ; Telephone

PURPOSE: Tc-99m-MIBI (MIBI) and Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) are commonly used for scintimammography (SMM). We compared the diagnostic ability of SMM using Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-TF for the differential diagnosis of breast mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects were comprised of 123 breast lesions and 86 normal breasts of 114 patients who underwent SMM. Bilateral prone images and anterior supine images were obtained at 5 minutes and 1 or 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq of either MIBI or TF. Sizes of tumors were not significantly different between the MIBI and TF groups. First, two observers independently read the SMM without clinical information (1st interpretation), then read again with information about mass location (2nd interpretation). Sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of breast cancer were evaluated in terms of image acquisition time, tumor size, and location. RESULTS: The SMM showed a good agreement between two observers for 1st and 2nd interpretation, except for TF SMM at 3 hr. For the first interpretation, the sensitivities at 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr were not significantly different between MIBI and TF SMM (81.6%, 80.0%, 60.9% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 80.6%, 42.9% in TF), although the senstivities of 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images in both MIBI and TF SMM. The specificity of TF at 5 min was superior to that of MIBI (81.5%, 90.0%, 82.9% in MIBI vs. 96.7%, 100%, 90.0% in TF, p<0.01 MIBI vs. TF at 5 min). For the second interpretation with information of mass location, the sensitivities at 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images (86.8%, 86.7%, 78.3% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 93.5%, 57.1% in TF) between MIBI and TF SMM. However, there was no significant difference in the specificity (60.0%, 53.8%, 75.0% for MIBI vs. 86.7%, 100%, 100% for TF). MIBI and TF SMM showed lower sensitivities for the tumors with less than 1 cm than tumors with more than 1 cm. However, the location of tumors did not influence the sensitivity and specificity between MIBI and TF SMM. CONCLUSION: The ability for the differential diagnosis of breast tumor is similar between MIBI and TF SMM, and delayed image is not necessary. TF may be better than MIBI considering the specificity of SMM without clinical information and labeling convenience.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: According to the 3rd Korean National Dementia Plan, the dementia-friendly community initiative was launched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a rural dementia-friendly village project on the participants. METHODS: Jeollabukdo Provincial Dementia Center designated Sosu-maeul, located in Buan-gun Jeollabuk-do, as a rural dementia-friendly village. We conducted dementia partnership education, youth-elder matching activity, and cognitive enhancing program. The efficacy of this project was evaluated by the changes in dementia awareness, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms. We used dementia awareness questionnaire, Mini-Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), and Korean version of Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K). RESULTS: This study was carried out with 24 residents in this community. There was no significant change in dementia awareness score between pre- and post-intervention (p=0.25). MMSE-DS score was significantly increased from 24.5 to 25.5 (p < 0.001) and SGDS-K score was statistically improved from 3.5 to 2.5 (p=0.04) after interventions. CONCLUSION: We Jeollabukdo Provincial Dementia Center carried out a pilot study of a rural dementia-friendly village project. This project led to improvements on cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in the participants. But the improvement of dementia awareness was not achieved. More direct and experiencing interventions for people with dementia are necessary to improve dementia awareness.
Cognition* ; Dementia* ; Depression* ; Education ; Jeollabuk-do ; Mass Screening ; Pilot Projects

Purpose: Driveline infection (DLI) is one of the major adverse events of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence of DLI according to the driveline dressing methods. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study that investigated the medical records of 75 patients who implanted LVAD from January 2015 to December 2020 at a hospital in Seoul, Korea. Traditionally, sandwich dressing method was applied until October 2019, after which newly winded dressing method was adopted for driveline dressing to LVAD patients. The outcome variables were compared between sandwich dressing method applied group (n=41) and winded dressing method applied group (n=34). The follow-up period for DLI was 1 year. Results: When compared participants’ characteristics, there was no difference between the two groups, except the type of LVAD device. The incidence of DLI was 17.1% in sandwich dressing group, while no infection was found in winded dressing group (p=.011). Conclusion Although there were difference in the LVAD devices, it is considered that winded dressing contributed to the reduction of DLI. Further research on standardized dressing methods was required for DLI prevention in Korea.