Retinal dysplasia is an abnormal differentiation of the retina at embryonal retina stage with proliferation of its elements into rosettes, fold, and gliosis and it is very difficulat to distinguish between the various types of intraocular disease, especilaly retinoblastoma. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 5 months old boy. It was clinically suspected Retinoblastoma, which was proved to be Retinal Dysplasia by histopathologic examination.
Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

Propofol is a rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agent used for the induction of anesthesia, with a low incidence of side effects. But pain on injection of propofol has limited its use. The additional effect of lidocaine on painful injection of propofol was studied, during induction of general anesthesia in 75 patients in a prospective, randomized method. They were allocated randomly to three groups to receive propofol 2.0 mg/kg(group A), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.2 mg/kg(group B), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.3 mg/kg(group C). Pain score was assessed on a simple scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe pain). Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at 1, 3, 5, 7 minutes after endotracheal intubation. In group B and C, significantly smaller pain score was observed. On the other hand, changes of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate after endotracheal intubation was not significant. It is concluded that the addition of small amount of lidocaine can significantly reduce the severity of pain on injection of propofol.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies

Tinea faciale is a dermatophyte infection of glabrous skin of the face except bearded areas of the adult male. Tinea faciale usually has been classified as tinea corporis but recently recognized as a separate disease entity. The age distribution of patients was highest in the age group of 10 years or under. The most common pathogens are Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes. We present an atypical case of Tinea faciale with Tinea capitis & Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis in a 75-year-old woman.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Arthrodermataceae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsporum ; Skin ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Excellent clinical responses of psoriasis to anti-TNF-alpha-based therapies have recently been demonstrated. We studied the effect of combination therapy of infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid in recalcitrant pustular psoriasis. A 34-year-old woman with a 1-year history of severe pustular psoriasis, who had not responded to conventional therapies, responded rapidly to combination treatment with infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid. The clinical response was ascertained by the PASI gap (Psoriasis area and severity index) and the VAS gap (Visual affected sign). The findings showed that all the pustular lesions faded away after a single combination therapy treatment, and there has been no recurrence of pustular psoriasis for 8 months since initial injection. Thus, we conclude that the combination therapy of infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid is an effective therapy for severe recalcitrant pustular psoriasis which does not respond to conventional therapies.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Psoriasis* ; Recurrence ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Infliximab

Wells' syndrome was first described by Wells in 1971 as a recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia and was later named eosinophilic cellulitis. It is defined by the following criteria: sudden onset of annular or circinate erythematous-edematous patches that rapidly evolve to morphea-like blue-slate-colored plaques; a histological feature characterized usually by the presence of 'flame figures'; non-constant blood hypereosinophilia. We present clinical and histopathologic features of three cases of eosinophilic cellulitis.
Cellulitis ; Dermatitis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils

BACKGROUND: Xanthoma is an interesting disease entity that often indicates underlying lipid abnormalities. but, clinical studies about hyperlipopropeinemia in xanthoma were rarely present. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to observe the clinical and histopathologic features in xanthoma and to evaluate relationship between hyperlipoproteinemia and underlying xanthoma. METHOD: 57 cases of xanthoma were analyzed. In 35 cases, blood lipids including triglyceride, cholesterol and high density lipoprotein were analyzed. And clinical characterics of xanthoma and hyperlipoproteinemia were evaluated in 10 cases of our hyperlipoproteinemic patients confirmed by electrophoresis. RESULTS: The ratio between male and female was 1: 1.45 in xanthoma excluding xanthelasma and was 1: 1.86 in xanthelasma only. The mean age of each group was 28 years and 52 years. The incidence of each type, in descending order, was xanthelasma(35%), tuberous xanthoma(20%), eruptive xanthoma(14%), plane xanthoma(7%), tendinous xanthoma(2%), and unclassified(17.5%). The associated diseases, in descending order, were diabetes mellitus(9/15), fatty liver(2/15) etc. Among these, diabetes mellitus was the most common associated disease in hyperlipoproteinemia group(6/10). Histopathological features in 26 cases revealed lipid-laden foamy cells in all cases, and foreign body giant cells, fibrosis, cholesterol clefts in some cases. Among 35 cases, the rate of abnormal lipid profiles, in descending order, was xanthelasma(63.3%), eruptive xanthoma(62.5%), and tuberous xanthoma(38%). The frequent types of hyperlipoproteinemia in our cases, in descending order, are V(5/10), type IIa(3/10), IV(2/10). In previously reported hyperlipoproteinemia with xanthoma patients, the frequent types of xanthoma, are tuberous xanthoma(12/30), plane xanthoma(8/30), eruptive xanthoma(6/30), mixed type (2/30), and xanthelasma(1/30), and the frequent types of hyperlipoproteinemia in descending order are IIa (9/30), IV(8/30), V(4/30), IIb(3/30), III(3/30), unclassified(2/30), and I(1/30). CONCLUSION: The most common type of hyperlipoproteinemia in our cases and literatures is type IIa. but, recently type IV and type V are increasing and are associated with increased incidence of diabetes. The incidence of abnormal lipid profiles in xanthelasma is 63.3% and routine lipid profile study will be needed in the evaluation of xanthoma including xanthelasma.
Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias* ; Incidence ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Triglycerides ; Xanthomatosis*

The myoclonic epilepsies of infancy and early childhood pose the most difficult problems in the diagnosis and classification of epilepsies because they are often confused with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome sharing a number of common features. However, their correct differentiation is easily justifiable because some of the myoclonic epilepsies of early childhood have better prognosis than the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. We experienced and treated a 4-year-old boy who had normal intellectual function but frequent myoclonic and generalized clinic-tonic-clinic seizures, which were successfully controlled by anti-epileptic drugs. Hence we report a case with brief review of literatures.
Child, Preschool ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic* ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Seizures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stroke onset is known to vary by several factors. Although it has been known that stroke may develop most frequently in the morning, its association with the type of activity has quite rarely been described. METHODS: We prospectively investigated by interview the time of and the activity during or before the onset of stroke in patients with acute cerebral infarction from Aug. 1995 to Mar. 1996. The activities were subdivided into basal metabolic rate state, sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy movements based on the caloric expenditure. RESULTS: One hundred-twenty five patients were enrolled. The time of day when ischemic stroke most frequently occurred was from 8:00 AM to noon. The type of activity was significantly associated with stroke onset in that it developed most commonly during and just after sleep or resting. The relationship between the onset of stroke and such patterns of onset time and the activity was found only in the atherothrombotic infarction, but not in the other stroke types. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that stroke has clear diurnal variation. Our observations also suggested that the activity may be significantly associated with stroke onset. These findings may be useful for better understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of ischemic stroke.
Basal Metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infarction ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has devastating effects on multiple aspects of the quality of life(QoL). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the QoL between PTSD group and non-PTSD group, and identify the variables affecting the QoL of the Vietnam War veterans. METHODS: We recruited 39 veterans with PTSD and 43 veterans without PTSD, all of whom had deployed to the Vietnam War. We used the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus, the Korean version of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Combat Exposure Scale and the Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument abbreviated version. We used independent samples t-test to identify the differences between PTSD and non-PTSD group in each domains of the quality of life. We also used stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to figure out the variables affecting the QoL of the Vietnam War veterans. RESULTS: In the PTSD group, all domains of the QoL and the QoL total score(p<0.01) were significantly lower than those in the non-PTSD group. In the Vietnam War veterans, PTSD, major depressive disorder and education levels were the variables affecting the QoL. Among these, PTSD uniquely explained the QoL of the overall and general health(beta=-1.411, R2=0.180), the physical health domain(beta=-2.806, R2=0.089) and the total score (beta=-11.479, R2=0.104). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that among the Vietnam War veterans, the QoL of the PTSD group is significantly lower than that of the non-PTSD group. Among the combat exposed veterans, PTSD may be one of the main reasons that affect the multiple domains of the QoL.
Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Quality of Life ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Veterans ; Vietnam ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Hearing* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*