No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis(Tbc) has been known to be prevalent and associated with high mortality in adult patient with cancer due to cancer itself or immunosuppressive therapy but to be rare in children with cancer. Little about Tbc in children with cancer has been reported in this country. To investigate the incidence, treatment, timing of diagnosis, clinical symptoms and response to the treatment of Tbc in children with cancer, this study was undertaken. METHODS: From 1983 until 1997, 252 children treated for cancer at the Department of Pediatrics of Yeungnam University Hospital were studied for developing pulmonary Tbc while receiving anticancer therapy by reviewing the medical records. The incidence, onset, clinical symptoms and the response to the therapy of pulmonary Tbc in these children with cancer were studied. RESULTS: Among 252 children with cancer, 8(3.2%) children developed pulmonary Tbc which included 5 of 128(3.9%) children with ALL, 3 of 25(12%) children with malignant lymphoma. These 3 malignant lymphoma included 2 of total 3(66.7%) Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 of 1(100%) lymphoepithelioma of the study population. Incidence of pulmonary Tbc in children with cancer per 100 person year for the first year was 2.9, for the second year was 1.4. Among 8 children with pulmonary Tbc, five were male and 3 were female with male to female ratio of 1.67:1. Mean age of them was 13.2(5~18) years old. The onset of pulmonary Tbc was average 7.1(2~14) months after starting anticancer therapy. No one had pulmonary Tbc on diagnosis of cancer. Coughing, sputum, cold sweating, mild fever, loss of appetite, weight loss were the clinical symptoms on diagnosis of pulmonary Tbc. Chest X-ray showed findings compatible with the active pulmonary Tbc in all cases but sputum examination for acid fast bacilli by direct smear, culture or polymerase chain reaction were all negative. They were treated with isoniazid and rifampin for average 22.7+/-7.2(16.5~23.6) months with combination of streptomycin or kanamycin for first one month. All patients started to show signs of improvement clinically within several days and radiologically within few weeks after starting anti-Tbc therapy and eventually recovered from pulmonary Tbc completely. CONCLUSIONS: It seems to be important to recognize that incidence of pulmonary Tbc is higher in children with cancer, especially in those with leukemia and malignant lymphoma, especially Hodgkin's whose cellular immunity is suppressed, than immunocompetent children. Thus when these patients shows symptoms of coughing, sputum, cold sweating, mild fever, fatigue, loss of appetite or weight loss, chest X-ray and studies for Tbc are indicated for prompt diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary Tbc in children with cancer.
Adult ; Appetite ; Child* ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fever ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Incidence ; Isoniazid ; Kanamycin ; Leukemia* ; Lymphoma* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rifampin ; Sputum ; Streptomycin ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Weight Loss

O1igodendrocytes are known to be responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin sheath in the central nervous system, and their functional disturbance leads to defect in myelination. But, the fine mechanism of myelination by oligodendrocytes is not yet known, and iron metabolism in central nervous system is suspected to be related with myelination process by oligodendrocytes. Carbonic anhydrase-II[CA-II], transfe-rrin, and ferritin are known to be present at oligodendrocytes and suspected to play a role in iron metabolism of central nervous system. In this study, demyelination and remyelination of ICR mouse brains were induced using cuprizone, the copper-chelating agent, and immunohistochemical changes of CA-II-, transferrin-, and ferritin-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes at corpus callosum were observed. During demyelination by cuprizone feeding, the numbers of CA-II- and transferrin-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes were decreased. Especially, the decrease ratio of CA-II-positive cells was great. In contrast, the number of ferritin-positive oligodendrocytes was increased during demyelination by cuprizone feeding. Cessation of cuprizone feeding leaded remyelination and the numbers of CA-II-, transferrin-, and ferritin-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes were returned to normal level. In conclusion, the derangement of iron metabolism in oligodendrocytes may be related to demyelination mechanism of central nervous system, and the CA-II is suspected to have an important role in iron metabolism of oligodenrocytes in relation to demyelination and remyelination induced with cuprizone.
Animals ; Brain ; Carbon* ; Central Nervous System ; Corpus Callosum ; Cuprizone* ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Ferritins ; Iron ; Iron-Binding Proteins* ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myelin Sheath ; Oligodendroglia ; Transferrin

We identified traditional risk factors and investigated poorly understood risk factors for suicide attempts according to gender in a large Korean population. We analyzed the data from 6,768 males and 12,475 females with suicidal ideation obtained from the nationwide 2013 Korean Community Health Survey. The dependent variable was suicide attempts within the past year. There was a significant trend towards an increase in suicide attempts with decreasing age in both genders. Compared with those who were married, suicide attempts were significantly higher among those who were widowed, divorced, or separated for males (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–3.20), but lower for females (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.98). Current smoking and depression were significant risk factor for suicide attempts in males and females. However, monthly household income, myocardial infarction, and osteoporosis were significantly associated with suicide attempts only in males, whereas education level, recipient of National Basic Livelihood Security, family contact, leisure activity, and drinking frequency were significantly associated only in females. These findings indicate that gender difference should be considered in the assessment, prevention, and management of future suicide attempts by community policy-makers and clinicians.
Depression ; Divorce ; Drinking ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Surveys* ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Osteoporosis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide* ; Widowhood

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stroke onset is known to vary by several factors. Although it has been known that stroke may develop most frequently in the morning, its association with the type of activity has quite rarely been described. METHODS: We prospectively investigated by interview the time of and the activity during or before the onset of stroke in patients with acute cerebral infarction from Aug. 1995 to Mar. 1996. The activities were subdivided into basal metabolic rate state, sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy movements based on the caloric expenditure. RESULTS: One hundred-twenty five patients were enrolled. The time of day when ischemic stroke most frequently occurred was from 8:00 AM to noon. The type of activity was significantly associated with stroke onset in that it developed most commonly during and just after sleep or resting. The relationship between the onset of stroke and such patterns of onset time and the activity was found only in the atherothrombotic infarction, but not in the other stroke types. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that stroke has clear diurnal variation. Our observations also suggested that the activity may be significantly associated with stroke onset. These findings may be useful for better understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of ischemic stroke.
Basal Metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infarction ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

PURPOSE: Current intensive anticancer therapy may cause myelosuppression with an increased risk of severe infections. As a result, the administration of chemotherapy in cancer patients might be delayed often. Hemopoietic growth factors, which are responsible for the differentiation and functional regulation of granulocytes and monocytes, have been cloned and are available as rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF in children with cancer who received chemotherapy. METHODS: The study included 55 children ranging in age from 2 to 18 years who received chemotherapy for cancer and had absolute neutrophil count (ANC) under 500/muL. The growth-factors were administered subcutaneously starting in doses of 5~10 mug/ kg/day. The ANC was determined by complete blood counts starting on the first day of administration and every other day thereafter until the ANC rose above 1,000/muL. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the mean days for increase of the mean ANC value >500/muL (5.0+/-2.9 vs 5.7+/-4.2 days) and >1,000/muL (5.9+/-3.2 vs 6.4+/-4.8 days) after rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF respectively. Side effects of rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF were fever, myalgia, bone pain, elevation of ALT and rGT and abdominal pain in order and there was no difference between two growth factors. Also the numbers of transfusion of packed RBCs (0.7+/-0.8 vs 0.7+/-0.8) and platelets (0.8+/-1.0 vs 0.6+/-0.9) were not different after the two growth factors. CONCLUSION: It seems to be that rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF are comparable in clinical effects and side effects when used for granulocytopenia in children with cancer.
Abdominal Pain ; Agranulocytosis ; Blood Cell Count ; Child* ; Clone Cells ; Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes* ; Humans* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Monocytes ; Myalgia ; Neutropenia ; Neutrophils

We reported 3 cases of intestinal anisakiasis. The patients had abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, after eating raw sea-fishes 1 to 5 days before. Intestinal resection was performed under the impression of mechanical obstruction or cancer. The resected intestines showed marked edema, congestion or hemorrhage in the mucosa. Microscopically the larvae were found in the submucosa or inner muscle layer, and surrounded by phlegmonous inflammation with intense eosinophilic infiltration. The larvae were identified as Anisakis spp. by multiple sections.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have examined the risk factors for depression in stroke patients, but little information is available on the relationship between stroke status and depression in the community-dwelling general population. We evaluated the association between stroke status and depression using representative nationwide data. METHODS: In total, 3,487 subjects (aged ≥40 years) who participated in version VI-2 of the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) performed in 2014 were included. We compared the prevalence of depression in 120 community-dwelling stroke patients and 3,367 nonstroke controls using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS: The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10) was 16.7% in stroke patients and 6.4% in controls. In the unadjusted model, depression was more common in stroke patients than in nonstroke controls [odds ratio (OR), 2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79–4.86]. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, and comorbidities, stroke diagnosis was a significant risk factor for depression (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06–3.24). Specifically, a diagnosis of stroke in patients aged <60 years (OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.81–8.09) and the presence of stroke complications (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.25–6.13) remained significant risk factors for depression even after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In a community setting, poststroke survivors had a higher prevalence of depression, and stroke was an independent risk factor for depression. Public psychosocial interventions are needed to improve the mental health care of community-dwelling stroke survivors.
Comorbidity ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Stroke* ; Survivors

Interrupted aortic arch is a extreme type of coarctation of aorta and mostly associated with other cardiac anomalies. Unless there were no proper management, about 90% of babies would be dead in their neonatal period. A 28-year-old nulliparous woman was refered to our hospital for fetal echocardiography at 23 weeks' gestation with an abnormal prenatal ultrasonographic findings. We found interrupted aortic arch(type A), which was located in distal portion of the left subclavian artery, and ventricular septal defect. After 5 months follow up, the baby was vaginally delivered at 40 weeks' gestation. This baby was delivered at 40 weeks' gestation of a male infant with APGAR scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Neonatal echocardiography and electron beam tomography revealed interrupted aortic arch(type A), ventricular septal defect(subaortic type), patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect(ostium secondum defect). At the 10th day of birth, the infant was performed the operation of end to end anastomosis of desending aorta, patch repair of atrial septal defect, ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, and direct closure of patent foramen ovale.
Adult ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Coarctation ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligation ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Subclavian Artery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed