No abstract available.
Neurofibroma, Plexiform* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Bacteremia* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women*

The authors present the one case of a 22-year-old man admitted with intermittent quadriparesis and respiratory difficulty. On investigation, atlantoaxial instability and upper cervical cord compression due to abnormal soft tissue were revealed. We have performed transoral decompression and biopsy, and then posterior transarticular facet screw fixation with interspinous wiring and fusion. We could obtain immediate and long-term postoperative stability with Philadelphia collar only. The pathologic examination reveald connective soft tissue hypertrophy due to chronic mechanical irritation.
Biopsy ; Decompression* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Quadriplegia ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is still one of the more challenging congenital heart defects in newborns and young infants. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the early and midterm results of the surgical corrections for patients in early infancy with isolated TAPVC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Hospital records of 15 consecutive patients in early infancy (January 1993 to August 1998) were retrospectively reviewed. There were 8 boys and 7 girls whose ages ranged from 4 days to 3.5 months (median age 22 days). Their body weight ranged from 1.75 kg to 4.9 kg (mean 3.54 kg). The abnormal anatomical connections were supracardiac in 11, cardiac in 3, and infracardiac in 1. In 6 patients (40%), the pulmonary venous drainage was obstructive. Total circulatory arrest was used in 13 patients. Anastomosis between the common pulmonary vein and the left atrium was performed with a continuous suture technique using a fine nonabsorbable polypropylene suture through a lateral approach behind the right atrium. RESULT: There was one hospital death (6.5%) caused by a sepsis 17 days after the operation in a neonate who had supracardiac drainage and was dependent on a ventilator preoperatively. There were 2 late deaths. One died sudde`nly of an unknown cause at home 2.5 years after the operation and the other died of a recurrent pulmonary hypertension 3 months after the reoperation due to pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). Two patients required reoperations because of PVO 5 months and 10 months respectively after the initial operation. Of these patients, one patient is alive at the present time with persistent pulmonary hypertension. All survivors without postoperative PVO (78.6%) were in NYHA functional class I at mean follow-up of 25.8 months (0.5~67 months). CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of TAPVC in early infancy can be performed at low risk. However, there were 2 postoperative PVOs (14.3%) which had bad results. The survivors without postoperative PVO had excellent functional status.
Body Weight ; Drainage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Atria ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Polypropylenes ; Pulmonary Veins ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Survivors ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms are frequently related to third nerve palsy which is reversible after the clipping of aneurysm. The authors had analyzed 61 cases in 52 patients who have posterior communicating artery aneurysm and evaluated the factors affecting the development of third nerve palsy and its recovery after clipping of the aneurysm. The results are followings 1) Oculomotor nerve palsy was noticed in 10 patients(16.4%) among 61 cases of posterior communicating artery aneurysm, of which 6 had complete and 4 had partial palsies. 2) Posteriolateral inferior direction of the aneurysm seemed to be closely related to the development of ophthalmoplegia. 3) Development of ophthalmoplegia was not related to the clinical status of the patient on admission, but to the amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial CT scan and size of the aneurysm. 4) Preoperative degree of third nerve palsy and the timing of operation are not definitely related to the recovery of ophthalmoplegia. 5) The recovery of third nerve palsy are normalization of ptosis, normalization of EOM limitation and normalization of papillary change in order.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases* ; Oculomotor Nerve* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paralysis ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

It is known that the prognosis of spontaneous SAH(subarachnoid hemorrhage) of undetermined cause is generally favorable. Yet, the natural history and pathogenesis of SAH of undetermined cause remain controversial and patients management is largely empirical. 42 cases of non-traumatic SAH of undetermined cause of a total of 415 cases of SAH treated during a 5-year period(1991-1996) were available for this study. What should be done when angiography is negative after SAH? This study was undertaken to present a more definitive management in preventing rebleeding after SAH of undetermined cause. This study show that explorative craniotomy for aneurysmal operation is warranted, despite negative cerebral panangiograms, if the patient manifests the classical signs and symptoms of SAH and definite subarachnoid blood in CT(computed tomogram) or direct lumbar puncture and any suspicious lesions in cerebral panangiography, particularly the AcoA(anterior communicating artery) region.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Natural History ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

BACKGROUNR/AIMS: Heterogeneity of liver cell populations within the hepatic lobules can affect xenobiotic reaction. In this study, we attempt to clarify the stereological distribution of the y-GTP positive foci in hepatic lobule initiated by diethylnitrosamine and promoted by phenobarbital. METHODS/METERIALS: To the five Sprague-Dawley rats, one day after birth, diethylnitrosamine (0.15 pmole/pn) was intraperitoneally injected and by the weaning at four weeks of life, 0.035% phenobarbital in drinking water was fed for four weeks, at which time the rats were sacrified to obtain the livers. Livers were fixed in fresh cold ethanol acetic acid. Ihe 200 cotmecutive tissue sections were stained by histochemistry for y-GIP and countastained with toluidine blue ar HkE. Employing Zeiss microprojector, y-GTP foci wae traced. And then the largest cross-sectian (size class: 65-165 pm in diameter) of 52 y-GTP foci were selected. Using microscopic grid, distances fiom center of y-GlP foci to nearest centtal vein and bile ductule was measured. As a control group, out of 52 random points determined by rareken digit table, the distances were measured by the same romr. RESULT: the diameter Aom the central points of y-GIP positive foci to the neatest bile ductules was measured as 0.234620+0.14899mm (mean+SD) and the diameter from random points to the neatest bile ductules was measured as 0.303080+0.19582mm (mean+SD). Y-GTP positive foci located within 0.3mm diameter fram bile ductules were counted as 73.1% of 52 foci, whereas that of random points were only 55.8%. Accoring to Aequency table analysis by Shapiro-Wilk W test, there was significant difference by W-value (0.812065) and p-value (0.0144866). CONCLUSION: Stereologically, y -GTP positive foci initiated by diethylnitros;unine, promoted by phaxkarbital in neonatal Spague-Dawley rats were non-rarxlanly distributed in peripcetal atea (Rappaport zone I) in hepatic lobule during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Bile ; Diethylnitrosamine ; Drinking Water ; Ethanol ; Liver* ; Parturition ; Phenobarbital ; Population Characteristics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Tolonium Chloride ; Veins ; Weaning

No abstract available.
Pyelonephritis*

Atlato-axial instability is a serious condition that often requires operation. Atlanto-axial subluxation may cause severe symptoms; and threaten the intergrity of the spinal cord, leading to quadriplegia or sudden death. A techique of combining C1-C2 posterior screw fixation with a supplemental bone wire fusion has been advocated for the management of atlantoaxial instability. It was used in 9 patients with this disorder. Patients ages ranged from 20 years to 52 years; follow-up period ranged from 3 to 16 months with a mean of 9.8 months. All nine patients gained immediate rigid fixation of C1,2 with this technique. Of these 9 patients, instability occurred due to trauma in seven, os odotoideum in one and os odontoideum with trauma in another one. One patient was presented with nonunion and C1,2 instability after a Halovest applications a result of type II odontoid fracture. All 9 patients were placed in a philedelphia collar for 12weeks and all achieved solid fusion. Posterior atlantoaxial facet screw fixation provides immediate multidirectional rigid fixation of C1,2 and is mechanically superior to siring or clamp fixation. This technique maximizes success without the need for a supplemental rigid external orthosis.
Bone Wires ; Death, Sudden ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Orthotic Devices ; Quadriplegia ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Fusion ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate placental causes of fetal death intrauterine (IUFD) bases on placental pathologic findings. METHODS: Retrospective review of 123 placental pathological reports of singleton fetal deaths from 20 weeks of gestation to 41 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: The incidences of maternal causes, fetal causes, inflammatory causes, miscellaneous and unremarkable findings were 45.5%, 28.4%, 16.2%, 23.5%, respectively. The incidence of fetal anomaly was 8.9%. Fetal anomalies were deeply related to fetal cause (P=0.000). Intrauterine growth restriction was significantly associated with maternal causes (P=0.038). CONCLUSION: No pathological guideline regarding placental examination of intrauterine fetal death exists. In future studies, a better definition of fetal death causes and associated placental pathological findings might aid clinicians in counseling, assessing the risk of recurrence and even preventing fetal death in subsequent pregnancies.
Counseling ; Fetal Death ; Incidence ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies