No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

We recently experienced a case of hypervascularization of the glans after arterialization of the deep dorsal vein(Furlow`s method) in a 25-year-old man having vasculogenic impotence due to arterial insufficiency of the penis. The Hypervascularization of the glans was corrected by ligating the branches of the deep dorsal Vein at the corona of the penis.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Penis ; Veins*

A total 400 patients underwent 676 treatments with E.D.A.P.-LTOI extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary tract stones between February 25 and August 18, 1987. The results were obtained as follows; 1. sex ratio was about 3: 1, 292(73.0 %) in male and 108(27.0 %) in female patients. The average patient age was 43.9 years, with a range of 2 to 85 years. The fifth decade(30.5 %) was most followed by the forth decade (26.0 %) and sixth decade (20.7 %). 2. Treated stone locations were kidney in 286 (71.5 %);calyx in 187 (46.8%) and renal pelvis in 98 (24.5 %) and ureter in 144 (28.5 %); upper ureter in 71 (17.8%) and lower ureter 43(10.7 %). There were multiple renal stone in 83 (20.7 %), bilateral renal stone in 22(5.5 %), bilateral renal stone in 22 (5.5 %), bilateral ureteral stone in 3 (0.7 %) and unilateral renal and ureteral stones in 23 (5.8 %). The average stone size was 1.6 cm, with a range of 0.6 to 4.8 cm. 3. The average numbers of treatment were 1.4 sessions and the average treatment time was 13.7 minutes, with a range of 12 to 78 minutes. Of the patients, 81 (20.2 %) were complained severe pain but treatment interruption or anesthesia were not required. 4. The success rate of treatment-ended patients were 97.8 % in 0.6~1.0cm(137 cases), 89.2% in 1.0~2.0 cm (93 cases) and 89.2 % in 2.0~3.0 cm (37 cases). Therefore, the total average success rate was 93.6 %. 5. The method of pre-ESWL additional manipulation was used a ureteral stone `push up` in 12 (3.0 %). The post-ESWL additional measures were made in 10 (2.5%); ureteral manipulation in 8 cases and lithotomy in 2 cases. The causes of failed ESWL (21 cases) were stone components in 8, impacted stone in 8, incomplete stone localization in 4 and infundibular stricture in 1. 6. ESWL-complications were required admission and medical management in 18(4.5 %); colic in 12 (3.0 %), acute urinary retention in 2 (0.5 %) and subscapular hematoma in 1(0.3% ), Therefore, we confirmed that E.D.A.P.-LTOI ESWL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of urinary tract stones.
Anesthesia ; Colic ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Retention

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) has been considered as an important candidate for cancer gene therapy based on it9 potent anti-tumor activity. However, since the efficiency of current techniques of gene transfer is not satisfactory, the majorities of current protocols is aiming the in vitro gene transfer to cancer cells and re-introducing genetically modified cancer cells to host In previous study, it was shown that TNF-sensitive cancer cells transfected with TNF-α CDNA would become highly resistant to TNF. Understanding the mechanisms of TNF-resistance in TNF-α gene transfected cancer cells would be an important step for improving the efficacy of cancer gene therapy as we]1 as for better understandings of tumor biology. This study was designed to evaluate the role of new protective protein synthesis in the acquired resistance to TNF of TNF-α gene transfected cancer cells. METHOD: We transfected TNF-α c-DNA to WEHI l64, a murine fibrosarcoma cell line, using retroviral vector (pLT12SN(TNF)) and confirm the expression of TNF with PCRf ELISA, MTT assay. Then we determined the TNF resistance of TNF gene transfected cells(WEHI 164-TNF) and the changes of TNF sensitivities after treatments with actinomycin D(transcription inhibitor) and cycloheximide(translation inhibitor). RESULTS: WEHI 164 which was sensitive to TNF became resistant to TNF after being trsnsfected with TNF-α gene and the resistance to TNF was partially reversed after treatment with actinomycin D, but not with cycloheximide. CONCLUSION: The acquired resistance to TNF after TNF-α gene transfection may be associated with synthesis of some protective proteins.
Biology ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrosarcoma ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Necrosis ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Zidovudine*

We have followed up 85 patients who have underwent penile prosthetic surgeries(Jonas ; 12. AMS 600 ; 33. AMS 700 ; 11, AMS 700 CX ; 5, Mentor ; 1, Hydroflex ; 23) for erectile dysfunction with a mean follow-up period of 28.7 months. Nineteen cases of complications in 15 patients(17.6%) developed of which 17 cases of medico-surgical in 14 patients and 2 cases of mechanical in one patient. As the medico-surgical complications, occurred a crural corporeal perforation, a protrusion of AMS 600 against glans, an acute angled protrusion of Hydroflex on penile base in flaccid state, 2 cases of exposure of Scott's inflatable prostheses through scrotal erosion (a case of tubing exposure and a case of pump exposure), two cases of urethral erosion and urine leak with infected prostheses, a skin necrosis of glans, 2 infected prostheses, 4 cases of urinary retention, and a dehiscence of perineal surgical wound. As the mechanical complications, crevice of the Hydroflex of both sides with fluid leak happened with 9 months interval in one patient.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mentors ; Necrosis ; Penile Prosthesis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Skin ; Urinary Retention ; Wounds and Injuries

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe visual loss after blunt or penetrating head and facial trauma. High-dose steroids and surgical interventions have been applied in the indirect TON. However, there is no convincing evidence that results of the treatment have any strong benefits in terms of improvement of visual acuity. Nevertheless, surgical decompression should be considered in the case of a direct bony compression to the optic nerve and a progressive visual loss in indirect TON. Neurosurgeon should be aware the surgical indication, optimal timing and relevant technique for the optic canal (OC) decompression. In this review article, we will focus on the surgical approaches to the OC and how to decompress it.
Decompression ; Decompression, Surgical ; Head ; Neurosurgeons ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Steroids ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the composition of artificial cariogenic biofilms using a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model over a period of time. METHODS: We analyzed the dry weight, colony forming unit (CFU) number, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) biovolume, and acid production rate of S. mutans biofilms formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs after 26 h, 50 h, 74 h, 98 h, 171 h, and 195 h. In addition, we performed a laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy to determine the bacterial volume, EPS biovolume, and biofilm thickness. We calculated the biofilm density using dry weight and EPS biovolume. RESULTS: Over a period of time, there was no change in the CFU number and acid production rate of S. mutans biofilms, but there was an increase in the dry weight and EPS biovolume of S. mutans biofilms. The bacterial volume, EPS biovolume, and biofilm thickness only increased in the 50-h-old biofilm; however, no change was observed in 50-195-h-old biofilms. In addition, an increase in the biofilm density was observed over time. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the acid production ability of cariogenic biofilms does not change, but the biofilm density increases over time. However, due to scientific information, further research needs to be conducted in the field of dentistry to get further insights on the progression of cariogenic biofilms over time.
Biofilms ; Dentistry ; Durapatite ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Stem Cells ; Streptococcus mutans

No abstract available.
Vagina*

BACKGROUND: Small deep cerebral infarct can be associated with small-vessel occlusive disease, largevessel disease, low-flow or thrombo-embolic mechanism. This study is designed to investigate ralationship between symptomatic single small deep infarcts ahd vascular diseases. METHODS: We studied 154 patients who had symptomatic, small-sized(<20 mm), single, subcortical infarction(basal ganglia, corona rediata, centrum semiovale) who were admitted to our hospital from jund, 1996 to September, 1999. They were evaluated about the lesion site and vascular status of the carotid system and middle cerebral artery, using MRI, MRA and cervical duplex sonography or conventional angiography. RESULTS: Among 154 patients with single small deep infarction, 100 were related with small artery disease(64.9%), 38 with middle cerebral artery disease(26.7%) and 16 with carotid artery disease(10.4%). The basal ganglia or basal ganglia with corona radiata area were more frequently responsible lesion sites in both small artery disease(n=59, 59%) and middle cerebral artery disese(n=28, 73.7%) than in carotid artery disease(n=1, 6.3%). The centrum ovale or centrum ovale with corona radiata area were frequently involved lesion sites in carotid artery disease (n=10, 67.5%). CONCLUSION: Single small deep infarcts of th basal ganglia with corona radiata were mostly seen in the middle cerebral artery disease or small artery disease, and small deep infarcts of the centrum semiovale with corona radiata were usually assoicated with internal carotid artery disease. In occurrence of single small deep infarcts, middle cerebral artery disease was more frequent than carotid artery disease, which might be associated with intracranial occlusive disease known to be more common in Asians than in Caucasians.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Basal Ganglia ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Vascular Diseases