No abstract available.
DNA* ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the rate of addictive drug abuse is rapidly increasing in men on salary, housewives, and even in adolescents, who have been considered to be free from drugs, which presents a serious problem to the society. Especially, the habituation to gateway drug, such as cigarettes and alcohol, before 15 years old, would lead to the increased possibility of other drug abuse, including illicit drugs. Thereupon in this study, we intended toreview the effect of adolescents smoking an the drug abuse and deviated behaviors. METHODS: On September, 1997, randomly selected were 12 classes, an the basis of 2 classes per grade, from the two schools which was located each in Seoul and Buchean. And survey was dane on 610 students with non non-nominl, self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate of adolescent smoking was 28.1% in male students and had increasing tendency of "the higher the grades, the higher the smoking rate"(17.0% in the 1st gade, 31.5% in the 2nd grade, 35.9% in the 3rd grade). The smoking rate of female students was 12.3%. From the 2nd grade of middle school to the 2nd grade of high school was the critical period when the smoking habit was initiated in almost 90% of the students. The experiencing rates of drug abuse in studied subjects were as follows : drinking(79.0%), stimulants(4.8%), sedatives(4.1%), hypnotics(3.1%), glue sniffing(1.5%), butane gas(0.7%), marijuana/hemp(0.2%). They were higher in the smoking group than in the nansMoking group, showing statistical significances in most items except hypnotics and marijuana/hemp. Also simihr results were shown in deviated behaviors between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: With the concerted efforts of family, school, society and natian, we as family physicians should make efforts to delay and prevent adolescent's smoking, which is a gateway to drug abuse and deviated behaviors, and to increase people's recognition of health risks caused by smoking, and to provide proper program for adolescents to stop smoking.
Adhesives ; Adolescent ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Korea ; Male ; Physicians, Family ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Street Drugs ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Statistical observation was made on 809 in-patient in the Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University from May 3, 1972 to December 31, 1976.
Humans ; Inpatients ; Urology

In Korea, studies of splenectomies are mainly performed in adult groups, but a review of splenectomies in children is significant because the indications of a splenectomy and the importance of the spleen in children are different from those in adults. The authors reviewed 51 cases of splenectomies performed between January 1986 and April 1996 on children under 15 years of age. The indications of the splenectomy were divided based on hematologic diseases (37) and non-hematologic diseases (14). For the hematologic diseases, hereditary spherocytosis (24) was the most common indication of a splenectomy and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (11) was the next most common. For the non-hematologic diseases, trauma (10) was the most common indication of a splenectomy. After the splenectomy, abnormal hematologic findings were improved in all hereditary spherocytosis patients and in nine of the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients (82%). To prevent postsplenectomy sepsis, 27 patients received antibiotic medication, but no one received a pneumococcal vaccination. One case of postsplenectomy sepsis occurred in a patient who had not received antibiotic medication. This study suggests that a splenectomy provides efficacious treatment for a number of pediatric disorders, but it is associated with a risk of postsplenectomy sepsis.
Adult ; Child* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Sepsis ; Spleen ; Splenectomy* ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: The residual intrahepatic stones with biliary strictures are difficult to remove percutaneously via T-tube tract after surgery in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. We evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The balloon dilatations with 6-12mm angioplasty balloon catheter and stone extractions were performed via a T-tube tract after surgical treatment in 15 patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. The balloons were inflated for 3-4minutes under 5 atm. until disappearance of waist of the stricture site, from one to seven session. After balloon dilatation, residual stones were extracted with saline irrigation or stone basket. RESULTS: Among total 42 strictures, the balloon dilatation was succesful in 27 strictures(64.3%), partially successful in 12 strictures(28.6%), and failed in three strictures(7.1%). Single or central biliary strictures were dilated easily rather than multiple ductal strictures. Of 26 sites with residual intrahepatic stones, stone extraction was complete in 17 sites(65.4%), incomplete in seven sites(26.9%) due to impacted or large stone and acute ductal angulation, and failed in two sites(7.7%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures is an effective procedure for extraction of residual intrahepatic stones associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
Angioplasty ; Catheters ; Cholangitis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) has been considered as an important candidate for cancer gene therapy based on it9 potent anti-tumor activity. However, since the efficiency of current techniques of gene transfer is not satisfactory, the majorities of current protocols is aiming the in vitro gene transfer to cancer cells and re-introducing genetically modified cancer cells to host In previous study, it was shown that TNF-sensitive cancer cells transfected with TNF-α CDNA would become highly resistant to TNF. Understanding the mechanisms of TNF-resistance in TNF-α gene transfected cancer cells would be an important step for improving the efficacy of cancer gene therapy as we]1 as for better understandings of tumor biology. This study was designed to evaluate the role of new protective protein synthesis in the acquired resistance to TNF of TNF-α gene transfected cancer cells. METHOD: We transfected TNF-α c-DNA to WEHI l64, a murine fibrosarcoma cell line, using retroviral vector (pLT12SN(TNF)) and confirm the expression of TNF with PCRf ELISA, MTT assay. Then we determined the TNF resistance of TNF gene transfected cells(WEHI 164-TNF) and the changes of TNF sensitivities after treatments with actinomycin D(transcription inhibitor) and cycloheximide(translation inhibitor). RESULTS: WEHI 164 which was sensitive to TNF became resistant to TNF after being trsnsfected with TNF-α gene and the resistance to TNF was partially reversed after treatment with actinomycin D, but not with cycloheximide. CONCLUSION: The acquired resistance to TNF after TNF-α gene transfection may be associated with synthesis of some protective proteins.
Biology ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrosarcoma ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Necrosis ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Zidovudine*

Peripheral facial palsy is often reported after surgery for head or neck tumors and otolaryngologic surgery, but the occurrence of facial nerve palsy after dental procedures is very rare. A 29-year-old man visited our clinic with right-side facial asymmetry and right facial weakness 7 days before. The patient underwent dental treatment 8 days ago. He exhibited weakness of the right side of his face and was unable to close his right eye. He was diagnosed with right-sided peripheral type facial nerve paralysis and treated with an antiviral agent and prednisolone, and the symptoms gradually improved. Facial nerve palsies after dental procedures have been reported in foreign countries, but these cases have been very rarely reported in Korea. We also reported on the efficacy of the conventional treatment of facial nerve palsy after a dental procedure.

No abstract available.
Erythromycin*

OBJECTIVES: Since Mountain proposed the new staging system of non-small cell lung cancer in 1986, the indications for operation of NSCLC have been extended. However, operative mortality is from 3 to 6%. Therefore it is important to reduce unnecessary operation and to evaluate unresectability of tumor correctly, preoperatively The purpose of this study is to find out the causes of unresectability in patients who were initially thought to be resectable preoperatively. METHODS: By retrospective analysis, 64 patients out of 291 NSCLC patients who were undergone operation for curative resection in Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. of 1987 to Dec. of 1991, ware found to be unresectable at operating roost were selected for this study. Out of 64 patients,42 were evaluable. The analysis was focused on the change of pre- & post-operative staging and the causes of unresectability of tumors. RESULTS: Among B2 patients with unresectable tumor who could be evaluated, preoperative CT finding showed resectable tumors in 55% (23 patients) and suspicious for unresectable tumors in 45% (19 patients). The causes of unresectability were technically unresectable T3 lesions in 7% (3 patients), T4 lesions in 62% (26 patients), N2 lesions in 17% (7 patients) and N3 lesions in 14% (6 patients). CONCLUSION: The major causes of unresectability of NSCLC were pulmonary artery invasions. It is suggested that careful evaluation of mediastinal structure, especially great vessels by additional imaging technique other than CT (like MRI) is indicated in selected NSCLC cases.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul