Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease and afflicts approximately 1% of general population. Once considered as a benign non-fatal disease, rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating condition with a serious physical, emotional, and economic consequences. Life expectancy is reduced among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and survival rates are comparable to those for three-vessel coronary disease Hodgkin's disease, and diabetes mellitus. For the past 20 years the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been developed on pyramid approach, which has had limited success. This led to a move towards using disease modifying antirheumatic drugs early in the disease. Future of rheumatoid arthritis tensive induction therapy, and treatment for resistant disease. This review will be focused on current principles and general guidelines of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Antirheumatic Agents ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Coronary Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Survival Rate

A 35 year old woman, gravid 5, multiparous, was admitted to our department at 6 weeks and 5 days of gestation after being diagnosed with cervical pregnancy. Before the evacuation, the uterine arteries were embolized using angiographic techniques. As a result, dilatation and curettage were performed with minimal hemorrhage. We report one case of cervical pregnancy managed, successfully with preoperative uterine artery embolization and evacuation.
Adult ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery*

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster*

No abstract available.
Diverticulum*

We immunized sixty two healthy subjects with the five different viral titers (300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plaque forming unit; pfu) of the MAV/06 strain of live attenuated Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in order to gain sufficient information on safety and immuogenicity as a vaccine strain. Humoral immunity of all vaccine recipients was tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection of IgG antibody. We tested neutralized antibody in 62 subjects by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). All of thirty two subjects with initial seronegative response had antibody by FAMA method at four weeks after immunization with four different preparations of dosage. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of VZV antibody to membrane antigen was 160.9 in 6 subjects with 1500 pfu group; 83.3 in 14 subjects with 1000 pfu group: 116.2 in 7 subjects with 500 pfu groups and 72.0 in 6 subjects with 300 pfu group. Thirty subjects who had VZV antibody at the time before immunization demonstrated elevated antibody titer by FAMA assay and PRNT50 test. Side reactions of the vaccination was not demonstrated in all cases.
Chickenpox* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Membranes ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lumbar movement and chest expansion in healthy Koreans. METHODS: Sch6ber test, modified schSer test, lateral flexion, finger to ground distance and chest expansion were measured in 573 healthy Koreans. They were analysed according to age, sex and height. RESULTS: 1) Mean length of Sch ber test in total subjects was 15.7+/-0.1 cm (male 16.1+/-0. 1 cm, female 14.6+/-0. 1 cm) and mean length of chest expansion in total subjects was 4.8+/-0. 1 cm(male 5.1+/-0.1 cm, female 3.9+/-0.2 cm). 2) Mean length of Sch ber test, modified Sch ber test, lateral flexion, finger to ground distance and chest expansion were longer in male than in female. 3) As the age increased, mean length of Sch er test, modified Sch ber test and lateral flexion revealed the trend to decrease but mean length of chest expansion did not revealed the trend to increase or decrease(each r=-0.25, p<0. 001, r=-0.21, p<0. 001, r=-0. 17, p<0. 001, r=-0. 04, p<0.35). 4) As the height increased, mean length of Sch er test, modified Sch ber test, lateral flexion and chest expansion revealed the trend to increase(each r=0. 39, p<0. 001, r=0. 39, p<0. 001, r=0. 29, p<0. 001, r=0.28, p<0. 001). CONCLUSION: Length of Sch ber test and chest expansion in healthy Koreans were 15.7+/-0.1 cm and 4.8+/-0.1 cm and they were longer in male than in female. As the age increased, length of Sch er test and lateral flexion had the tendency to decrease and as the height increased, length of Sch ber test, lateral flextion and chest expansion had the tendency to increase. Therefore it is needed that length of lumbar sex and height to length of lumbar movement and chest expansion were applied according to age, sex and height to detect early disorder of lumbar motility.
Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Chronic Disease ; Glycemic Index

PURPOSE: This study investigated sexual knowledge, its related factors, and the needs of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students in order to develop a sex education program. METHODS: The participants comprised 721 students in grades 5 through 12, from Seoul and the Kyeonggi-do area, in South Korea. Data was collected from the end of August through the end of September 2014, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used for the descriptive analysis, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. RESULTS: Higher-grade students had a higher level of sexual knowledge than lower-grade students, but the overall level of sexual knowledge was low. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, grade, school record, and experiences of sex education from family and school were significant predictors of sexual knowledge among adolescents. Coping skills related to sexual crisis situations was the most wanted content of sex education. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that it is important to develop a sex education program that considers the needs of sex education among adolescents. Also, it is important to periodically perform a survey to identify the need of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Multivariate Analysis ; Seoul ; Sex Education

No abstract available.
Cyclic GMP* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans*

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common arthritis of human joint diseases and a major cause of morbidity and disability in the elderly. Current treatment of OA is to control symptoms because there are no disease-modifying OA drugs yet. The goals of management are to control pain and maintain/improve joint mobility and minimize disability. The treatment modalities consist of nonpharmacologic, pharmarcologic therapies and surgical treatment. A pyramid approach is recommended. The layers of the pyramid are added one to another in a stepwise fashion, although treatment should be individualized based on the distribution and severity of joint involvement as well as the presence of comorbid conditions. First use nonpharmacologic modalities and acetoaminophen for pain and symptom control. If response is inadequate, use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID) (with gastrointestinal protective drug) During the course of managing the OA patients intraarticular hyaluronic acid and topical capsaicin cream can be given to patients already on acetoaminophen or NSAID. If effusion is present, do aspiration and injection of intraarticular steroids. If response is inadequate despite of nonpharmacological and pharmacoogic therapies, surgery can be considered. Novel agents for OA are being investigated and will be available in the future. So it is expected that the prognosis and quality of life of patients with OA will be improved.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Capsaicin ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis* ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Steroids