Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease and afflicts approximately 1% of general population. Once considered as a benign non-fatal disease, rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating condition with a serious physical, emotional, and economic consequences. Life expectancy is reduced among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and survival rates are comparable to those for three-vessel coronary disease Hodgkin's disease, and diabetes mellitus. For the past 20 years the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been developed on pyramid approach, which has had limited success. This led to a move towards using disease modifying antirheumatic drugs early in the disease. Future of rheumatoid arthritis tensive induction therapy, and treatment for resistant disease. This review will be focused on current principles and general guidelines of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Antirheumatic Agents ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Coronary Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Survival Rate

A 35 year old woman, gravid 5, multiparous, was admitted to our department at 6 weeks and 5 days of gestation after being diagnosed with cervical pregnancy. Before the evacuation, the uterine arteries were embolized using angiographic techniques. As a result, dilatation and curettage were performed with minimal hemorrhage. We report one case of cervical pregnancy managed, successfully with preoperative uterine artery embolization and evacuation.
Adult ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery*

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster*

No abstract available.
Diverticulum*

We immunized sixty two healthy subjects with the five different viral titers (300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plaque forming unit; pfu) of the MAV/06 strain of live attenuated Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in order to gain sufficient information on safety and immuogenicity as a vaccine strain. Humoral immunity of all vaccine recipients was tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection of IgG antibody. We tested neutralized antibody in 62 subjects by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). All of thirty two subjects with initial seronegative response had antibody by FAMA method at four weeks after immunization with four different preparations of dosage. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of VZV antibody to membrane antigen was 160.9 in 6 subjects with 1500 pfu group; 83.3 in 14 subjects with 1000 pfu group: 116.2 in 7 subjects with 500 pfu groups and 72.0 in 6 subjects with 300 pfu group. Thirty subjects who had VZV antibody at the time before immunization demonstrated elevated antibody titer by FAMA assay and PRNT50 test. Side reactions of the vaccination was not demonstrated in all cases.
Chickenpox* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Membranes ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lumbar movement and chest expansion in healthy Koreans. METHODS: Sch6ber test, modified schSer test, lateral flexion, finger to ground distance and chest expansion were measured in 573 healthy Koreans. They were analysed according to age, sex and height. RESULTS: 1) Mean length of Sch ber test in total subjects was 15.7+/-0.1 cm (male 16.1+/-0. 1 cm, female 14.6+/-0. 1 cm) and mean length of chest expansion in total subjects was 4.8+/-0. 1 cm(male 5.1+/-0.1 cm, female 3.9+/-0.2 cm). 2) Mean length of Sch ber test, modified Sch ber test, lateral flexion, finger to ground distance and chest expansion were longer in male than in female. 3) As the age increased, mean length of Sch er test, modified Sch ber test and lateral flexion revealed the trend to decrease but mean length of chest expansion did not revealed the trend to increase or decrease(each r=-0.25, p<0. 001, r=-0.21, p<0. 001, r=-0. 17, p<0. 001, r=-0. 04, p<0.35). 4) As the height increased, mean length of Sch er test, modified Sch ber test, lateral flexion and chest expansion revealed the trend to increase(each r=0. 39, p<0. 001, r=0. 39, p<0. 001, r=0. 29, p<0. 001, r=0.28, p<0. 001). CONCLUSION: Length of Sch ber test and chest expansion in healthy Koreans were 15.7+/-0.1 cm and 4.8+/-0.1 cm and they were longer in male than in female. As the age increased, length of Sch er test and lateral flexion had the tendency to decrease and as the height increased, length of Sch ber test, lateral flextion and chest expansion had the tendency to increase. Therefore it is needed that length of lumbar sex and height to length of lumbar movement and chest expansion were applied according to age, sex and height to detect early disorder of lumbar motility.
Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Chronic Disease ; Glycemic Index

Scleroderma is a systemic disorder with multiorgan involvement. About 90% of patients with scleroderma has Raynaud's phenomenon and microvascular involvement is well recognized in scleroderma, but macrovascular involvement is not recognized. We experienced 2 cases of scleroderma with peripheral vascular occlusions that had been diagnosed by fernoral angiography. The one patient with limited scleroderma had anticentromere antibody and angiography of both fernoral arteries showed nonvisualization of posterior tibial artery. The other patient with diffuse scleroderma had anti-Scl-70 antibody and angiography of right fernoral artery showed occlusion of both anterior and posterior tibial arteries and stenosis of distal portion of peronial artery. Both patients didn't have the risk factors of atherosclerosis such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and smoking. In recent years, there have been reports that scleroderma is associated with macrovascular disease. In the future, the study on the freguency, prevention and treatment of macrovasular disease in scleroderma is necessary. We report 2 cases of scleroderma with peripheral vascular occlusions that had been diagnosed by fernoral angiography with review of literatures.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases* ; Risk Factors ; Scleroderma, Diffuse ; Scleroderma, Limited ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tibial Arteries

OBJECTIVE: To investigate soluble Fas (sFas) protein in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: sfas protein was measured by sandwich ELISA METHOD: in the sera of 30 patients with SLE (mean age : 27.4+/-8.46, F:M=29:1) and 11 patients with fibromyalgia (mean age 35.8+/-11.5, F:M-11:0) as a control group. RESULTS: sfas was elevated in 6 (20%) patients of SLE and I (9%) of patients with fibromyalgia (p=0.41). sfas level was correlated with a shorter duration, lower dosage of systemic steroid and higher disease activity in patients with elevated sfas levlel compared to patients with normal serum levels of sfas. All patients with elevated sfas had been diagnosed with SLE for less than 1 month. Fifty % (6 out of 12)patients with SLE for less than I month showed elevated sfas in serum. There was no difference of in the age between patients with elevated and normal levels of sfas. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that elevated sera levels of sfas was associated with the early active phase of disease in some patients with SLE and may play a role in defective apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common arthritis of human joint diseases and a major cause of morbidity and disability in the elderly. Current treatment of OA is to control symptoms because there are no disease-modifying OA drugs yet. The goals of management are to control pain and maintain/improve joint mobility and minimize disability. The treatment modalities consist of nonpharmacologic, pharmarcologic therapies and surgical treatment. A pyramid approach is recommended. The layers of the pyramid are added one to another in a stepwise fashion, although treatment should be individualized based on the distribution and severity of joint involvement as well as the presence of comorbid conditions. First use nonpharmacologic modalities and acetoaminophen for pain and symptom control. If response is inadequate, use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID) (with gastrointestinal protective drug) During the course of managing the OA patients intraarticular hyaluronic acid and topical capsaicin cream can be given to patients already on acetoaminophen or NSAID. If effusion is present, do aspiration and injection of intraarticular steroids. If response is inadequate despite of nonpharmacological and pharmacoogic therapies, surgery can be considered. Novel agents for OA are being investigated and will be available in the future. So it is expected that the prognosis and quality of life of patients with OA will be improved.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Capsaicin ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis* ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Steroids