Sacral pressure sores have been treated by a variety of surgical methods. complete treatment needs wide excision and coverage with healthy tissue which has constant and sufficient blood supply. Use of gluteus maximus muscle flap with or without overlying skin is a revolutionary method because of the reliability of blood supply. However, it is technically a little bit complicated, and future reconstruction for recurrent decubitus is especially limited in paraplegic patients. The development of gluteal perforator-based flap with para-sacral perforator introduce a new treatment modality for the sacral pressure sores. Total 10 cases of sacral pressure sores were treated with gluteal perforator-based flap. There were minimal postoperative complications except wound dehiscence in one case. This flap has a many advantage of no transection or sacrifice of the gluteus maximus muscle, elevation time for the flap is short, reliable blood flow of the perforator, large rotation arc and no post-operative hindrance to walking in patients who are not paraplegic. The disadvantages of this perforator-based flaps are the anatomical variation in the location of perforators and the need for technically careful dissection.
Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Skin ; Walking ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing* ; Immunization* ; Mice*

After surgical operation in patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), normal pressure perfusion breakthrough (NPPB) is one of the major complications. Brain perfusion SPECT with acetazolamide stress was known to be useful to evaluate the vascular reserve in several neurological and neurosurgical conditions. The authors performed acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT in patients with AVM and compared the brain perfusion in the post-operative clinical courses. The acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT was helpful in defining the prognosis of the patients with AVM. We describe 4 patients with AVM who had acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT to examine the prognosis.
Acetazolamide* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Perfusion* ; Prognosis* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to reveal the detailed clinical features of diarrhea- associated benign infantile convulsion. METHODS: We studied 34 patients with diarrhea-associated benign infantile convulsion between March 2000 and February 2004. RESULTS: There were 34 patients with diarrhea-associated benign infantile convulsion : 19 boys and 15 girls. The age of the disease onset ranged from 3 to 34(mean; 18.7+/-6.6) months. The incidence was high from November to March. The types of the seizures were generalized tonic-clonic or generalized tonic in 32(94%) of 34 episodes, while the seizure types changed during episodes for 2 patients. The durations of seizures were from 3 sec to 10 min. 2 or more seizures occurred in 22(64.7%) episodes. A family history of febrile or afebrile convulsions was noted in 3 patients. There were no abnormalities in serum biochemistry tests. 12 out of 22 patients showed positive rotavirus antigen tests. Interictal EEG's were normal in 26 out of 30 episodes. CT or MRI demonstrated no neuroradiological abnormalities in 13 out of 14 patients. 4 patients experienced recurrence of diarrhea-associated benign infantile convulsion, but none had more than 2 episodes. Epilepsy developed in none of the patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Diarrhea-associated benign infantile convulsion is characterized by a cluster of seizures. A continous or intermittent antiepileptic treatment is not required because recurrence or later development of epilepsy is rare. Appropriate treatment for a cluster of seizures will be the subject of future studies.
Biochemistry ; Diarrhea ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence ; Rotavirus ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: To assess the internal echo intensity and morphological variability of masseter muscles on ultrasonography and to establish diagnostic criterion of estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants consisted of 50 young adults (male 25, female 25) without pathologic conditions and with full natural dentitions. Sonographic examinations were done with real time ultrasound equipment as Logiq 500 (GE Medical Systems, Seoul, Korea) at 3 parts according to lines paralleling with ala-tragus line as reference line. The thickness and area of masseter muscles according to reference line in cross-sectional images were measured at rest and at maximum contraction. The visibility and width of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified into 4 types. Data were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and chi-square-test. RESULTS: 1. When comparing the thickness and area of masseter muscles concerning with gender, there was few significant difference between right and left sides, however, there were significant differences between males and females except for the greatest thickness of left side. 2. The changes of the greatest thickness and the area between rest and maximum contraction showed that the part of the least thickness manifested more increase at maximum contraction. 3. Each part the manifestations of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were different depending on the locations. But there was no statistically significance. CONCLUSION: Changes of muscles thickness with contraction and internal echogenic intensity with locations showed great disparity within the masseter muscles, which will be diagnostic criteria for pathophysiologic and anatomic changes of masseter muscles.
Contracts ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate position of the mandibular condyle within articular fossa in an asymptomatic population radiographically by a cone beam computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography of 60 temporomandibular joints was performed on 15 males and 15 females with no history of any temporomandibular disorders, or any other orthodontic or prosthodontic treatments. Position of mandibular condyle within articular fossa at centric occlusion was evaluated. A statistical evaluation was done using a SPSS. RESULTS: In the sagittal views, mandibular condyle within articular fossa was posteriorly located at medial and central sections. In the coronal views, mandibular condyle within articular fossa was laterally located at central section. Mandibular condyles in the right and left sides were showed asymmetric positional relationship at medial,central, and lateral sections. CONCLUSION: Mandibular condyle within articular fossa in an asymptomatic population was observed nonconcentric position in the sagittal and coronal views.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Prosthodontics ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

PURPOSE: To observe direct effect of irradiation on cariogenic Streptooccus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. mutans GS5 was exposed to irradiation with a single absorbed dose of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy. Viability and changes in antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, transcription of virulence factors, and protein profile of bacterium after irradiation were examined by pour plate, disc diffusion method, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR, and SDS-PAGE, respectively. RESULTS: After irradiation with 10 and 20 Gy, viability of S. mutans was reduced. Further increase in irradiation dose, however, did not affect the viability of the remaining cells of S. mutans. Irradiated S. mutans was found to have become sensitive to antibiotics. In particular, the bacterium irradiated with 40 Gy increased its susceptibility to cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline. Under the transmission electron microscope, number of morphologically abnormal cells was increased as the irradiation dose was increased. S. mutans irradiated with 10 Gy revealed a change in the cell wall and cell membrane. As irradiation dose was increased, a higher number of cells showed thickened cell wall and cell membrane and lysis, and appearance of ghost cells was noticeable. In RT-PCR, no difference was detected in expression of gtfB and spaP between cells with and without irradiation of 40 Gy. In SDSPAGE, proteins with higher molecular masses were gradually diminished as irradiation dose was increased. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that irradiation affects the cell integrity of S. mutans, as observed by SDSPAGE, and as manifested by the change in cell morphology, antibiotic sensitivity, and eventually viability of the bacterium.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefotaxime ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Wall ; Dental Caries ; Diffusion ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Penicillins ; Radiotherapy ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus* ; Tetracycline ; Virulence Factors ; Xerostomia

HCMV infection can evoke the broad spectrum of symptoms, which may be caused by the infection of responsible cell types. It is important to identify the cell types to be infected and replicated with HCMV infection for characterizing the property of HCMV infection and symptoms. Bone marrow stroma consists of heterogeneous cells, which have many cellular functions. This study was performed to verify the infectivity of HCMV to osteoblasts using the osteogenic sarcoma cell line, Saos-2, and the effect of HCMV infection to them on the cellular function. Immediate-early antigens, IE1 and IE2, were detected from 1 day postinfection (d.p.i.), and early (ppUL44) and late (gB) antigen were detected from 2 d.p.i. by the immunoperoxidase staining. All the antigens were expressed as far as observed (9 days). It was found that the virus titer in the culture supernatant and the cell pellet were 150 to 2,200 pfu/ml and 50 to 800 pfu/ml, respectively, after 4 days when the cells were infected with 2 m.o.i. Alkaline phosphatase production in Saos-2 cells infected with the different amount of HCMV was decreased to 8 to 15%, 31 to 47%, and 11 to 52% on 4, 6, and 11 d.p.i., respectively, as compared with mock-infected cells. This result suggested that HCMV could replicate in some bone marrow stromal cells and disturb the cellular function such as production of alkaline phosphatase.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Line* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Osteosarcoma* ; Permissiveness ; Viral Load

Purpose: To measure the absorbed doses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is recently being more frequently used, and to compare them with those of panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: To measure the absorbed doses of CBCT (PSR-9000N(TM), Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan), we placed TLD chips on the skin regions above the parotid and thyroid glands, and on the dorsum of tongue in a dental head phantom. We used two image acquisition modes of the Dental and Panoramic modes of CBCT, which differed in the field of view. Also, panoramic radiographs (Auto IIIN, Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Japan) were taken to compare with the absorbed doses of CBCT. Result: In the Dental mode of CBCT, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 3.53, 3.13, and 0.36 mGy, respectively. In the Panoramic mode of CBCT, they were 9.57, 9.15, and 0.85 mGy, respectively. The panoramic mode showed higher absorbed doses than those of the Dental mode. In the panoramic radiography, the absorbed doses of the parotid gland, dorsum of tongue, and thyroid gland were 1.21, 1.19, and 0.16 mGy, respectively. And they were about 1/3 of the Dental mode and 1/9 of the Panoramic mode of CBCT. Conclusion: Absorbed doses of CBCT are higher than those of panoramic radiography, and dependent upon the field of view.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Head ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Tongue