Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of hospitalized preterm infants. Numerous studies have attempted to identify the cause of NEC by examining the immunological features associated with pathogenic microorganisms. No single organism has proven responsible for the disease; however, immunological studies are now focused on the microbiome. Recent research has investigated the numerous bacterial species residing in the body and their role in diseases in preterm infants. The timing of initial microbial colonization is a subject of interest. The microbiome appears to transfer from the mother to the newborn, as well as to the fetus. Cross-talk between the fetus and fetal microbiome takes place continuously to generate a unique immune system. This review examined the transfer of the microbiome to the human fetus, and its potential relationship with NEC.
Colon ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing* ; Fetus ; Humans ; Immune System ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Microbiota* ; Mothers

Morphological changes of the kidney after ESWL in 130 patients are analyzed with CT at Dept. of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital from March 1987 to May 1987. Of 130 patients, 9 patients(6.9%) showed renal hematoma. Among 9 patients, 5 patients (3.8%) had subcapsular hematoma and 4 patients(3.1%) had parenchymal hematoma. We analyzed these 9 patients radiologically and clinically. These hematoma were clinically insignificant and self-limited in all cases. So ESWL can be regarded as a safe modality for treatment of the renal and ureteral calculi.
Hematoma* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Shock* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urology

PURPOSE: Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is considered an important prognostic factor in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). The aim of this study was to determine the comorbid risk factors for PPHN in infants with MAS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 60 infants diagnosed with MAS and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Sanggye Paik Hospital from January 2007 to April 2013. There were 28 infants (47%) with PPHN and 32 infants (53%) without PPHN. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings within 24 hours after birth, and initial capillary blood gas analysis results were compared between infants with and without PPHN. RESULTS: Incidence of PPHN was associated with the severity of MAS (P<0.001). The PPHN group had a greater incidence of hypotension and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy within 24 hours of birth compared to the non-PPHN group. The PPHN group also had a lower initial pH. However, there was no significant difference for laboratory findings within 24 hours of birth and initial capillary blood gas analysis. In the multivariate analysis, hypotension within 24 hours of birth (P=0.046, odds ratio 11.494, 95% confidence interval 1.048-125.00) was found to be a significant comorbid factor for PPHN in infants with MAS. CONCLUSION: Infants with MAS who develop hypotension within 24 hours of birth should be closely monitored for development of PPHN.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Capillaries ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Hypotension ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

Using 3D ultrasound, bilateral chylothorax was diagnosed antenatally in the second trimester. Apparently stable, bilateral pleural effusion progressed rapidly to severe hydrops with facial edema during observation, and then we decided bilateral pleural-amniotic shunt operation. Here we present a case where drainage of pleural effusion by a double reverse pig tail stent made by ourself was achieved, although placement of the thoracoamniotic shunt resulted in near complete drainage of bilateral pleural effusion with normalization of intrathoracic anatomic relationships, subsequent resolution of fetal hydrops, but the ultimate outcome was unsuccessful due to the internalization of one catheter and unknown sudden death. We think that ongoing research is required to further evaluation about complications associated with this procedure, specifically failure of function due to obstruction, migration of the catheter,
Catheters ; Chylothorax* ; Death, Sudden ; Drainage ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Pleural Effusion ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Stents ; Tail ; Ultrasonography

the ineidence of abdominal subcutaneous endometriosis is quite rare we have experienced one case of subcutaneous endometriosis. The typical clinical bistory and local findings of endometriasis enabk us to make the conect diagnosis. the treatment of choice is complete surgical excision of endometrial tissue and post operative medical therapy. This case was reported with a brief review of the comcemed literatures.
Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Subcutaneous Tissue*

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Peripartum Period*

Systemic amyloidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by deposits of fibrillar aggregates of monoclonal immunoglobuloin light chains in vital organs. This amyloid deposit cause cardiac or renal dysfunction and ultimately, death. Cardiac amyloidosis may be asymptomatic or important causes of progressive heart failure and refractory arrhythmia. Cardiac involvement from AL amyloidosis is rapidly fatal. The amyloidoses are classified according to the biochemical nature of the fibril-forming protein. Cardiac amyloidosis is common in primary (AL) and heterofamilial amyloidosis and very rare in the secondary (AA) form. As we experienced a case of systemic amyloidosis affected heart, liver and kidney, which was confirmed by histology. We present a 57-year-old female case with literature review.
Amyloidosis* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Amyloid

Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes usually, but some species of nondermatophytic molds and yeasts are also associated with invasion of nails. Aspergillus sydowii is a nondermatophytic mold which is opportunistic filamentous fungus in all environments. We report a case of onychomycosis caused by A. sydowii in a 65-year-old male. The patient showed yellowish discoloration with hyperkeratotic change on the distal and lateral portion of both great toenails. Direct microscopic examination of scraping on the potassium hydroxide preparation revealed dichotomous septate hyphae and repeated cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar showed the same blue green velvety colonies. Biseriate phialides that cover entire vesicle with conidial structure resembling Penicillium were shown in the slide culture. The DNA sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of clinical sample was 99% match to that of A. sydowii strain XWSFJJ1 (GenBank accession number FJ461692). We confirmed A. sydowii by KOH mount, colony, light microscopic morphology and DNA sequence analysis. The patient was treated with 250 mg oral terbinafine daily and topical 5% amorolfine nail lacquer for 3 months.
Agar ; Aged ; Arthrodermataceae ; Aspergillus* ; Base Sequence ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Lacquer ; Male ; Nails* ; Onychomycosis* ; Penicillium ; Potassium ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Yeasts

Angiodysplsia of the small bowel is uncommon, but provably remains frequently undiagnosed. In the small intestine, angiodysplasia presents a taxing surgical problem and is uauslly diagnosed for unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. For the surgeon, the main technical problem is that even when identified by frequently impalpable, and invisible to the naked eye unless they are actively bleeding at the time of surgery. Ensocopy is often unfruitful because the majority of lesions are submucosal and rarely exceed a few milimeters in diameter. We described a simple intraoperative endoscopic transillumination technique used successfully to identify an angiodysplasia in the jejunum prior to the small bowel resection. This report summarized our experience and review of literature.
Angiodysplasia* ; Hemorrhage ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum* ; Taxes ; Transillumination*

STUDY DESIGN: A Retrospective study OBJECTIVES: To analyze the causes of revision arthrodesis for the degenerative changes at the adjacent segment after lumbosacral fusion for degenerative lumbar diseases. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Revision arthrodesis is quite common. However, there is some controversy regarding the causes and risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cases who had undergone revision arthrodesis after lumbosacral fusion were examined. Preexisting degenerative changes to the adjacent segment, location of the adjacent segment and extent of fusion, as well as changes in lumbar lordosis were observed in primary arthrodesis, and the relationship between the changes in the adjacent segment degeneration were analyzed in terms of the area of residence, activity level and living pattern of the patients. RESULTS: Preexisting degenerative changes in the adjacent segment were observed in 14 cases and degenerative changes developed at the proximal junction in 19. Multiple segment fusion were performed in 13 cases during primary arthrodesis, 9 cases developed degenerative changes at the proximal junction. Fifteen cases with abnormal postoperative lumbar lordosis demonstrated adjacent segment degeneration. Sixteen cases living in the countryside and 15 cases with a history of severe physical labor after the primary operation showed degenerative changes in the adjacent segment before secondary arthrodesis. CONCLUSION: The causes of revision arthrodesis for the degenerative changes at the adjacent segment are believed to be preexisting degenerative changes in the adjacent segment at the proximal junction, loss of lordosis after primary fusion, and severe physical labor from living in the countryside
Animals ; Arthrodesis ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Retrospective Studies