No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Drinking*

Recently the internal rigid fixation with plates and screws became popular procedure. In the cases of the zygomatic fracture, it is sufficient to fix more than 2 point in many studies. Therefore, the internal rigid fixation requires the aggressive incision to expose the zygoma, such as coronal incision. Since many patients are afraid of this aggressive operation, we have provided a simple and effective method which is a 3-dimensional one point fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture with X-shaped(6-hole) miniplate for the treatment of zygomatic fractures. From March 1995 to september 1995, we treated 13 cases of zygomatic fractures by open reduction and X-shaped miniplate fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture. The results were as follows: 1) plane to plane contact on each side of the fracture with one point X-shaped miniplate. 2) 91.8% correction on Water's views, and 93.3% correction on zygomatic arch view with one point fixation. 3) patients were satisfied with these procedures because of minimal incision, mild edema and low operation price (short operation & anesthetic time, one plate & 6 screws cost).
Edema ; Humans ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures*

PURPOSE: Congenital anomalies are known as a major cause of neonatal death with prematurity and birth injuries. We surveyed the incidence of congenital anomalies among livebirths and stillbirths delivered at our hospital, and detected in neonatal and postneonatal period. METHODS: The statistical study was done about congenital anomalies among 9,569 deliveries (9,438 livebirths and 131 stillbirths) at Ulsan University Hospital during the periods of 5 years from Jan 1992 to Dec 1996. We reviewed delivery and newborn record, OPD chart, admission chart retrospectively. We investigated the incidence of congenital anomaly according to each year, period, outcome of delivery, sex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, Apgar score, multiple pregnancy, and each system. RESULTS: 1) The overall incidence of congenital anomalies was 5.0% (481 cases) among 9,569 deliveries. The annual incidence was 4.5% in 1992, 5.1% in 1993, 5.2% in 1994, 5.8% in 1995, 4.7% in 1996. 2) The incidence of congenital anomalies detected in neonatal period was 3.5% (333 cases) and 1.5% (148 cases) in postneonatal periods. 3) The incidence of congenital anomalies was 4.9% among live births and 9.2% among stillbirths. 4) The incidence of congenital anomalies was 5.3% in male and 4.7% in female. 5) The incidence of congenital anomalies among the babies, below 2,500g of birth weight was 7.7%, between 2,500g and 3,999g was 4.7%, and over 4,000g was 6.8N. 6) The incidence of congenital anomalies among the babies, below 32 weeks of gestational age was 12.9%, between 32 weeks and 36 weeks was 7.4%, between 37 weeks and 41 weeks was 4.7%, and over 42 weeks was 5.1%. 7) The babies born to mothers younger than 20 years of age have anomalies in 7.1%, mother between 20 years of age and 35 years of age in 5.0%, and older than 35 years of age in 6.5%. 8) The incidence of congenital anomalies according to Apgar score among live births between 0 and 3 was 9.8%, between 4 and 6 was 6.0%, and between 7 and 10 was 5.0%. 9) The incidence of congenital anomalies according to multiple pregnancy was 8.6%. 10)The systems of congenital anomalies in order of incidence were as follows; The digestive system (25.6%), the cardiovascular system (22.1%), the genitourinary system (18.9%), the musculoskeletal system (15.5%), the skin and soft tissue (11.7%), the central nervous system (1.6%), the respiratory system (l%), the others (3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Regular examination and screening on congenital anomaly is required from newborn period to infant and childhood. In view of these considerations, the incidence of congenital anomaly may be increased more than the past reports because of development of recent diagnostic techniques.
Apgar Score ; Birth Injuries ; Birth Weight ; Cardiovascular System ; Central Nervous System ; Digestive System ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Musculoskeletal System ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Statistics as Topic* ; Stillbirth ; Ulsan ; Urogenital System

No abstract available.
Holoprosencephaly*

In order to clarify high incidence of impaired fertility associated with unilateral cryptorchidism, this clinical study was made on 21 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism from the Department of Urology National Medical Center during recent 5 years. Fertility was evaluated by seminal quality, testicular gross anatomy and cryptorchid testicular histology. Examination of the seminal fluid that included sperm count, motility and morphology was performed according to the standard method. The result of our seminal studies showed that 38% (<20 millions) or 47.6% (<40 millions) of the unilateral cryptorchids were oligospermic. The incidence of oligospermia is significantly higher in individuals with an apparently normal solitary testis than in the general population.
Cryptorchidism* ; Fertility* ; Incidence ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Semen Analysis* ; Semen* ; Sperm Count ; Testis ; Urology

In order to clarify high incidence of impaired fertility associated with unilateral cryptorchidism, this clinical study was made on 21 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism from the Department of Urology National Medical Center during recent 5 years. Fertility was evaluated by seminal quality, testicular gross anatomy and cryptorchid testicular histology. Examination of the seminal fluid that included sperm count, motility and morphology was performed according to the standard method. The result of our seminal studies showed that 38% (<20 millions) or 47.6% (<40 millions) of the unilateral cryptorchids were oligospermic. The incidence of oligospermia is significantly higher in individuals with an apparently normal solitary testis than in the general population.
Cryptorchidism* ; Fertility* ; Incidence ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Semen Analysis* ; Semen* ; Sperm Count ; Testis ; Urology

BACKGROUND: HBsAg carriers are 6-12% of population in Korea. The patients knowledge on hepatitis B and regular follow-up tests are important, because HBsAg carriers have infectivity and the disease may progress without symptoms. We surveyed their knowledge on the hepatitis B and the frequency of follow-up blood test and sonogram. METHODS: From March 1993 through September 1994, 630 patients who were diagnosed as HBsAg positive and Anti-HBs negative in a health promotion center of college hospital were surveyed by mailing questionnaire. The questionnaire included the result of HBV viral marker test, transmission routes, complications, and prevention methods of Hepatitis B, frequency of follow-up test, and doctors recommendation. RESULTS: Of the 490 questionnaires excluded the 140 questionaires returned due to wrong address, 100 were answered, making the reply rate 20.4%. As for the result of HBV marker test, 64% answered their HBV marker as HBsAg positve, 10% answered HBsAg negative, and 26% answered I dont know. 65% answered that they are HBV carrier. As for the mode of transmission, 59% answered that HBV is transmitted by blood, 57% from carrier mother at birth, 29 % by sexual intercourse. 76% of responders know that vaccination is needed for preventing vertical transmission. When making score on their knowledge, significant differences were showed according to education, income and doctors recommendation about regular follow-up test. The number of persons who took regular blood test every 6 to 12 months were 56(56%), and the number of persons who took regular abdominal ultrasonogram were 39(39%). The number of patients who were recommended regular follow-up by doctor was 76%. In this group, 51 persons(67.0%) took regular blood test and 35 persons(35%) took regular sonogram so this frequency is significantly higher than the other group(each 20.8%, 16.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on hepatitis B in HBsAg positive patients is relatively low and the frequency of regular follow-up test is significantly higher in the group who took doctors recommendation. So it is very important that HBsAg carriers must be educated about the infectivity, preventive methods, and regular follow-up for early detection of complication like hepatocellular cancer.
Biomarkers ; Coitus ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Health Promotion ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Postal Service ; Ultrasonography ; Vaccination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Autopsy* ; Statistics as Topic*

By means of hospital-based data over 8 years we sought to evaluate the clinical indications and incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy by demographic characteristic and reproduction history. From the obstetric record of all deliveries at Chung Goo Hospital between Jan. 1, 1990, and Nov. 31, 1997, we identified all women undergoing emergency cesarean hysterectomy, calculated incidence rates, conducted statistical tests of linear trends and heterogenety, and observed the clinical indicatons preceding the onset of this procedure. There were 16731 deliveries during this period, Cesarean hysterectomy was performed in 24 of 5993 cesarean sections(0.40%) and in 10 of 10738 vaginal deleveries(0.09%), so more frequently after cesarean section than vaginal delivery. The age of patients varied from 22 to 40 years old. The higher the age and the parity of patients, the higher incidence of cesarean hysterectomy was noted. The most common indication of cesarean hysterectomy was uterine atony(52.94%) followed by placental disorders(41.18%), uterine myoma with pregnancy(2.9%) and uterine rupture (2.9%). All patients who had hysterectomy received transfusion from 1 pint to 57 pints. The postoperative complications were bladder injury, febrile morbidity, disseminated intravascular coaguolopathy and wound disruption. There were three maternal deaths, the cause was disseminated intravascular coaguolopathy and amniotic embolism. The data identifiy uterine atony as the primary cause for gravid hysterctomy. The data also illustrated how the incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy increases significantly with increasing parity, especially when influenced by a current placenta previa or a prior cesarean section. Maternal morbidity remained high.
Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Embolism ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma ; Maternal Death ; Parity ; Peripartum Period* ; Placenta Previa ; Postoperative Complications ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterine Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries