Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and its therapeutic developments have become popular in the managemtnt of patients with biliary and pancreatic disease. But certain to anatomical arrangements such as Billroth II partial gastrectomy may cause technical difficulty In the patients with a previous Billroth-II resection, it may be difficult to enter the afferent loop Selectively; and to reach and identify the papilla. Cannulation and sphincterotomy are more difficult because of the direction of approach. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and/or endoscopic sphineterotomy (EST) was perfomed on 12 patients, who had received Billroth II gastrectomy. We could achieve successful cholangiogram in 9 patients(75%) out of 12 patients, And EST was done successfully in 5 patients(83%) out of 6 patients.
Catheterization ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Gastrectomy ; Gastroenterostomy ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men in the Kangwha cohort after 12 years and 10 months of follow up. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 2,681 men in the Kangwha cohort aged over 55 in 1985. Number of deaths and the time to death from all cancers and other cause were measured and the data for the smoking and drinking habits were obtained from the baseline survey data in 1985. All subjects were categorized into four groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers, ex-smokers, moderate-smokers (1-19 cigarettes per day), heavy-smokers (> or =20 cigarettes per day). In addition, they were also categorized according to their drinking habits: non-drinkers, light-drinkers (< or =1 drink per week), moderate-drinkers (<3 drinks per day), heavy-drinkers (> or =3 drinks per day). The cancer specific death rates were calculated according to their smoking and drinking status. The adjusted risk ratio for all cancer deaths according to their smoking and drinking status were estimated using the Cox's proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: Using nonsmokers as the reference category, the adjusted risk ratio for all cancer deaths were 1.573(95% CI=1.003-2.468) for heavy-smokers. For lung cancer deaths, the adjusted risk ratios were 3.540(95% CI=1.251-10.018) for moderate-smoker and 4.114(95% CI=1.275-13.271) for heavy-smokers. Compared to non-drinkers, the adjusted risk ratio for stomach cancer was 2.204(95% CI=1.114-4.361) for light-drinkers. CONCLUSION: Smoking is the most significant risk factor for cancer deaths particularly lung cancer.
Alcohols ; Cohort Studies* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Drinking ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mortality* ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tobacco Products*

The editorial department of Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society(JKNS) polled more than 1,210 members of the Korean Neurosurgical Society(KNS) to evaluate the present status of JKNS from a viewpoint of readers or authors. The survey form includes questions about the impressions and opinions of JKNS regarding to its contents, style, and service. The responses were collected by means of e-mail and a total of 107 replies could be gathered during 2 months. Analysis of the responses revealed that majority of members of the KNS recognized the efforts to improve the quality of JKNS during recent years. However, there was also apprehensions and discontent about the quality of articles and review process in some KNS members.
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The authority and reputation of a medical journal is based on the number of received citations. Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI) provides information about citations of Korean medical journals since 2002. All six issues of KoMCI (from 2000 to 2005) were used for analysis. Citations, impact factor, and their changes were evaluated. We compared the data of Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society(JKNS) with other Korean medical journals. The impact factor(IF) of 2005 maintained increased value since 2004, although the impact factor excluding self citation(ZIF) returned previous low value. Improvement in proportion of Korean citations and in proportions of non-self received citations were encouraging changes. Although there were some improvements, the status of JKNS with respect to ZIF is still behind other Korean medical journals selected for comparison. Improvement of the status of JKNS by aid of KoMCI and enhanced reputation of KoMCI by its positive influence on JKNS or other Korean medical journals will be beneficial to members and medical societies of Korea.
Korea ; Societies, Medical

Due to rarity of factor V (FV) deficiency, there have been only a few case reports in Korea. We retrospectively analysed the clinical-laboratory features of FV deficiency in 10 Korean patients. Between January 1987 and December 2013, 10 case reports published in a Korean journal or proceedings of Korea Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis were reviewed. Severity is defined as mild (> 5% of factor activity), moderate (1%-5%), and severe (< 1%). The median age at diagnosis, six males and four females, was 26 years (range, 1 month-73 years). Six of 10 patients were classified as moderate, three as mild, and one as severe disease. Eight patients were diagnosed as inherited FV deficiency. The most frequent symptoms were mucosal tract bleedings (40%) such as epistaxis, and menorrhagia in female. Hemarthroses and postoperative bleeding occurred in one and four patients, respectively. Life-threatening bleeding episodes occurred in the peritoneal cavity (n = 2), central nerve system (n = 1), and retroperitoneal space (n = 1). No lethal haemorrhages happened to patients with mild disease. The majority of bleeding episodes were controlled with local measures and fresh-frozen plasma replacement. Two acquired FV deficient-patients showing life-threatening haemorrhages received the immunosuppressive therapy, but one of them died from postoperative bleeding complications. Despite the small sample size of this study due to rarity of the disease, we found that Korean patients with FV deficiency had similar clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes shown in previous studies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Databases, Factual ; Factor V Deficiency/drug therapy/*pathology ; Female ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Due to rarity of factor V (FV) deficiency, there have been only a few case reports in Korea. We retrospectively analysed the clinical-laboratory features of FV deficiency in 10 Korean patients. Between January 1987 and December 2013, 10 case reports published in a Korean journal or proceedings of Korea Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis were reviewed. Severity is defined as mild (> 5% of factor activity), moderate (1%-5%), and severe (< 1%). The median age at diagnosis, six males and four females, was 26 years (range, 1 month-73 years). Six of 10 patients were classified as moderate, three as mild, and one as severe disease. Eight patients were diagnosed as inherited FV deficiency. The most frequent symptoms were mucosal tract bleedings (40%) such as epistaxis, and menorrhagia in female. Hemarthroses and postoperative bleeding occurred in one and four patients, respectively. Life-threatening bleeding episodes occurred in the peritoneal cavity (n = 2), central nerve system (n = 1), and retroperitoneal space (n = 1). No lethal haemorrhages happened to patients with mild disease. The majority of bleeding episodes were controlled with local measures and fresh-frozen plasma replacement. Two acquired FV deficient-patients showing life-threatening haemorrhages received the immunosuppressive therapy, but one of them died from postoperative bleeding complications. Despite the small sample size of this study due to rarity of the disease, we found that Korean patients with FV deficiency had similar clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes shown in previous studies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Databases, Factual ; Factor V Deficiency/drug therapy/*pathology ; Female ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative option for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the prevalence of the disease in elderly people limits broad application of the procedure, particularly in lower risk group. Azacitidine has been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for MDS regardless of subtype on French-American-British classification. Adverse effects of azacitidine include gastrointestinal, hematological and infusion-related reactions. Azacitidine induced hepatotoxicity has been reported mainly in patients with previous hepatobiliary disease, e.g., extensive tumor infiltration in liver, liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis. We report here a case of azacitidine-induced hepatitis under no predisposition to hepatobiliary disease.
Aged ; Azacitidine ; Cholelithiasis ; Classification ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Prevalence ; United States Food and Drug Administration

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping of the stomach cancer using available techniques is limited by unpredictable lymphatic drainage patterns and skip metastasis. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of gastric SLN mapping using fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNP) of uniform nano-size. METHODS: Biocompatible silica-overcoated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) within a silica shell of controllable thickness with 60 nm thickness were used as model nanomaterials. Gastric lymphatic mapping was performed by injecting 100 microliter of either FMNP or isosulafan blue subserosally. Gastric injections (n=7) were made into the body, approximately 5 cm from the lesser curvature of rabbits. Sentinel lymph nodes were visualized using fluorescent nanoparticle detection system. RESULTS: In 7 rabbits, it was demonstrated that FMNP quickly and accurately detected sentinel lymph nodes. Injection into the stomach resulted in identification of a retrogastric lymph node. Histological analysis in all cases confirmed the presence of nodal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: FMNP can be a potential alternative to existing tracers in the detection of SLN in this animal experiment.
Animals ; Coloring Agents/diagnostic use ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes/*diagnostic use ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Nanoparticles/*diagnostic use ; Rabbits ; Rhodamines/diagnostic use ; Rosaniline Dyes/diagnostic use ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/*methods ; Stomach/*pathology ; Time Factors

We measured the ciliary beat frequencies (CBFs) in respiratory ciliated epithelia obtained from the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchus of 40 subjects during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, using a video-computerized analysis technique. The subjects were classified into various groups based on a range of parameters, including sex, age, history of smoking and whether or not a local anesthetic has been used and mean values of CBFs were analyzed between these groups. The ciliary beat of nasal epithelial cells was significantly faster than that of the trachea or bronchus (p=0.008). There were significant positive correlations between the CBFs at the nasal cavity and trachea (R2=0.467, p<0.001), nasal cavity and bronchus (R2=0.566, p<0.001), and trachea and bronchus (R2=0.541, p<0.001). Subjects older than 60 years of age had significantly slower CBFs at all three sites and than their younger counterparts (p<0.001). Neither sex nor smoking affected the ciliary motility at any site of the respiratory tract. There was no significant difference in the nasal CBFs between the anesthetized and non-anesthetized sides. In conclusion, this study can provide important clinical data on the CBFs of respiratory tracts in humans.
Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Cilia ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans* ; Lidocaine* ; Nasal Cavity ; Respiratory System ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Trachea

The plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs) are an aggressive group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas occurring primarily in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with absolute CD4 counts less than 200 per microliter. It was considered to be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a unique immunophenotype and occurred primarily in the oral cavity. Recent studies report that PBLs also occur in patients without HIV infection. Herein we report an unusual case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting in nasal cavity in a 74-year-old, HIV-negative woman. Cytologic and histologic examinations demonstrated a large cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. The tumor cells were positive for CD79a, CD38, however lacked expression of leukocyte common antigen, T-cell, and B-cell markers. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA transcripts were identified by in situ hybridization. To our best knowledge, this is the second case of plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV-negative patient in Korea.
Aged ; Antigens, CD45 ; B-Lymphocytes ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; RNA ; T-Lymphocytes