No abstract available.
Brain* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for their effect on the development of urinary bladder tumors, induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For 16 weeks, 0.05% BBN was administered orally, and then chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin and cisplatin) were injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. In our preliminary experimental series, an experimental bladder tumor model induced by BBN was useful in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin appears to be effective in inhibiting precancerous histologic changes and carcinoma in rat urinary bladder mucosa by BBN. However, the effectiveness of adriamycin was inconclusive.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

The lack of specificity of an abnormal findings visualized on a conventional radiocolloid liver imaging remains a significant limitation of the examination. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify an equivocal abnormal finding visualized on a conventional liver and spleen imaging by using combination of scintiangiography and histogram as a quantiative assessment. Histo-analysis of peak colloidal distribution in the liver and spleen was undertaken as a complement of conventional liver imaging. The following useful patterns was emerged: 1. In hepatitis, the splenic uptake was slightly higher than in normal group. This change was usually not recognized in conventional imaging. 2. In liver cirrhosis, the liver uptake was markedly low whilst splenic uptake was very high, resulting in splenic shift and very low liver-spleen uptake ratio. 3. In hepatoma, the liver uptake was not definitely changed but splenic uptake was considerably high, so that the liver-spleen uptake ratio was very low. 4. In liver metastasis, both liver and splenic uptakes were within normallimits and the liver-spleen uptake ratio was not changed.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colloids ; Complement System Proteins ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Hepatitis ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes* ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum*

PURPOSE: In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of inguinal hernia developed after radical retropubic surgery for prostate cancer to the hernia without previous radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Twenty-three patients (group A) who had radical retropubic surgery for prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic or open tension-free inguinal hernia repair from March 2007 to February 2011. Nine hundred and forty patients (group B) without previous radical retropubic surgery received laparoscopic or tension-free open hernia operation. RESULTS: Group A was older than group B (mean +/- standard deviation, 69.6 +/- 7.2 vs. 54.1 +/- 16.1; P < 0.001). Right side (73.9%) and indirect type (91.3%) in group A were more prevalent than in group B (51.5% and 69.4%, respectively) with statistic significance (P = 0.020 and P = 0.023). The rate of laparoscopic surgery in group B (n = 862, 91.7%) was higher than in group A (n = 14, 64.3%, P < 0.001). In comparing perioperative variables between the two groups, operative time (49.4 +/- 23.5 minutes) and hospital stay (1.9 +/- 0.7 days) in group A were longer than in group B (38.9 +/- 16.9, 1.1 +/- 0.2; P = 0.046 and P < 0.001, respectively) and pain score at 7 days in group A was higher than in group B (3.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.3 +/- 1.0, P < 0.001). Postoperative recurrence rate was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Inguinal hernia following radical retropubic surgery for prostate cancer was predominantly right side and indirect type with statistic significance compared to hernias without previous radical prostatectomy.
Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Peripartum Period*

Urodynamics is a neurourolgic diagnostic tool concerned with identification and measurement of physiologic and pathologic factors involved in the storage, transportation, and evacuation of urine. It plays an important role in the diagnosis, management of neurogenic bladder and its use has gradually increased. But a disparity between clinical and urodynamic findings is commonly found and its application to the clinical management of neurogenic bladder is practically as well embarrassing as its reading. We analyzed the results of 81 cases of neurogenic bladder with urodynamic study. Urodynamically, there were 18 cases showing D. hyperreflexia with DSD, 10 cases D. Hyperreflexia without DSD, 36 cases D. areflexia without low compliance, and 17 case D. areflexia with low compliance. A disparity between the clinical and urodynamic :assessment was noted in 28 cases( 35%). Clinically severe symptom with complication was particularly common in D. hyperreflexia with DSD, D. areflexia with low compliance and catheter indwelling patients.
Catheters ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Transportation ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urodynamics

Augmentation cystoplasty using bowel is effective method for the functional enlargement of bladder capacity in contracted bladder due to various causes. Prevention of vesicoureteral reflux after augmentation cystoplasty is still controversial but generally accepted that prevention of reflux is essential for good long term result. Therefore, antireflux augmentation cystoplasty including the use of ileocecal valve and hemi-Kock intussuscepted ileal nipple valve has been used recently for this purpose. Herein, we report the result of 3 cases of ileocecal cystoplasty and 6 cases of hemi-Kock ileocystoplasty. Hemi-Kock ileocystoplasty is better than ileocecal cystoplasty in a viewpoint of reflux prevention and continence, but complication is more common and serious in hemi-Kock ileocystoplasty than ileocecal cystoplasty. It is considered that azotemia is not contraindication for these procedures, and renal function deterioration has not been observed postoperatively.
Azotemia ; Ileocecal Valve ; Nipples ; Urinary Bladder ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is widely used as a vasopressor agent. Some recent studies have suggested that AVP may exert an immunomodulatory effect. However, the mechanism about the anti-inflammatory effect of AVP is not well known. We investigated the effect of AVP on the ihibitor of kappa B (IkappaBalpha)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. METHODS: Cultured RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with AVP and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To evaluate the effect of AVP on inflammatory cytokines, the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The expression of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 were measured by Western blotting, and IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity was analyzed by an in vitro immune complex kinase assay. To confirm the AVP effect on IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB cascade and via V2 receptor, we added tolvaptan (V2 receptor antagonist) after AVP pretreatment. RESULTS: The increase of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was suppressed by a treatment with AVP. Pretreatment of AVP inhibited increasing of IKK activity and IkappaBalpha degradation induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, LPS induced and NF-kappaB transcription was inhibited by AVP pretreatment. The observed changes in IKK activity, IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB transcription by AVP was abolished by tolvaptan treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AVP showed anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB cascade in mouse macrophages via V2 receptors.
Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Arginine Vasopressin ; Blotting, Western ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptors, Vasopressin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the current status of hospital-based health promotion programs in Korea and to elucidate the factors which affect to the process of implementation. METHODS: We conducted a mail survey of all 875 hospitals in Korea from March to May 2001. In reference to 12 specific kinds of health promotion programs, hospital CEOs were asked whether their hospital have such programs, whether they are fully staffed and whether the program is paid for by the patients. Contextual factors(location, hospital type, number of beds, length of operation, public/private status, economic level of the community, the level of competition) and organizational factors (the extent of market, compatibility with vision, formalization), strategic types of the CEOs (defender/analyser/prospector) were also surveyed. The relationships between each variable and the implementation of health promotion services, activation of services, and the target groups(patient/community resident) were analyzed by univariate analysis and the independent effects of these variables were examined with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: 106 of 125 hospitals responding (84.8%) had more than one health promotion program. However, they showed fluctuations in the adoption rate of each programs, meaning that comprehensive health promotion services were not provided. Many programs were not fully staffed and few hospitals had paid programs. In factors affecting health promotion service implementation, private hospitals showed a higher rate in implementation than public hospitals. In contrast, when the competition among nearby hospitals was intense, the level of implementation of service lowered. In the strategic type of the CEOs, the prospectors were shown to have instituted more health promotion programs in their hospitals and the analysers had a greater tendency to have programs for community residents than the defenders. CONCLUSION: Considering the above results, contextual factors may contribute greatly to the introduction of health promotion services in Korean hospital, although the CEO's personal preference and organizational factors play a larger role in the activation of services. Additionally, the CEO's personal preference may be the major influencing factor in the introduction of programs for community residents.
Chief Executive Officers, Hospital ; Health Promotion* ; Hospital Administration ; Hospitals, Private ; Hospitals, Public ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Organizational Innovation ; Postal Service