The congenital cataracts are lens opacity which are present at birth or within 3 months after birth. The pathogenesis of congenital cataract is no less varied and complex than that of adult-onset or senile lens opacification, but most of etiology is unknown. Inheritance can play a major role in their etiology and the most mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. However, the possibility of preventing the disease in future generation through genetic counseling give the ophthalmologist responsibility in the recognition and classification of congenital lens opacities. We experienced hereditary congenital cataract, and so we reported these patients with review of literatures.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; Parturition ; Social Responsibility ; Wills

Resection of hepatic tumors located near the confluence of hepatic vein or invading retrohepatic vena cava has become technically feasible and relatively safe with the introduction of veno-venous bypass. Hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE) with the aid of veno-venous bypass using centrifugal pump enables safe resection and reconstruction of vena cava without hemodynamic instability, compared to conventional HVE. The authors report a case of a successful en bloc resection of right lobe and caudate process of liver, right adrenal, right kidney, and retrohepatic vena cava, in order to extirpate huge retroperitoneal tumor, with the aid of veno-venous bypass using centrifugal pump. Pathologic diagnosis revealed B cell type non Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from adrenal gland. After resection, caval defect was reconstructed with Dacron graft. Patency of reconstructed cava could be observed at five months postoperatively.
Adrenal Glands ; Diagnosis ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatic Veins ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Transplants

Torsion of the fallopian tube is an uncommon cause for acute low abdominal pain in female that is difficult to diagnose. Because it has no pathognomonic clinical symptoms or laboratory findings, a high index of suspicion is important when there is history of pelvic pathologic conditions or surgery. The early diagnosis and surgical treatment of the disease are mandatory to preserve oviduct.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent* ; Animals ; Early Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Oviducts

Fifteen cases of the primary duodenal malignancies were radically resected from July 1989 to September 1996. These cases were analysed retrospectively with the literature review. The male to female ratio was 8:7. The mean age was 49 years. Histopatholgically, adenocarcinomas were 10 cases, sarcomas were 4 cases and malignant lymphoma was 1 case. The symptoms and signs were abdominal pain and discomfort, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, melena and diarrhea in the order of the frequency. We performed Whipple's operations in 11 cases, regional pancretectomy in 1 case, Whipple's operation with Right hemicolectomy in 2 cases and local resection in 3 cases. There was no operative mortality. The perioperative morbidity was 33%. The post operative complications were abscess in abdomen in 3 cases and wound infections in 2 cases. 1 year and 2 years survival rate were 93.3% and 33.3%. Aggressive and radical treatment with curative intention even in the presence of locally advanced disease, could be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity and expect a better outcome.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Adenocarcinoma ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Jaundice ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Melena ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In patients with advanced biliary malignancies, a chance of curability is obtained by only performing extended liver resection with concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy. This hepatopancreatoduodenectomy(HPD) is known to carry high risk of hepatic failure. We evaluated the effect of pancreatoduodenectomy on liver regeneration and the risk of hepatic failure in patients having undergone HPD to prevent complications associated with liver function. METHODS: Sixteen cases of HPD with extended liver resection were reviewed in the aspects of liver regeneration and hepatic failure. Twenty cases of extended right hepatectomy were selected as a control group(ERL group) for comparison of liver regeneration. Liver volumes were measured by computed tomogram volumetry. RESULTS: Resection rates of the liver and the pancreas in the HPD group were more than 51% and about 40%, respectively. Right portal vein embolization was performed in 66% of cases and all cases with obstructive jaundice underwent percutaneous biliary drainage. Rate of liver regeneration at postoperative 1 month in HPD group was 162%, and that of the ERL group was 169%, resulting in no statistical difference. There was no occurrence of hepatic failure in the HPD group. CONCLUSIONS: Forty percent resection of pancreatic parenchyme following concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy may not compromise liver regeneration after extended liver resection. Complete external drainage of obstructive jaundice and preoperative portal vein embolization are recommended as preoperative procedures for patients undergoing extended liver resection with pancreatoduodenectomy.
Drainage ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Liver Failure ; Liver Regeneration* ; Liver* ; Pancreas ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Portal Vein ; Preoperative Care

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide the information of the stigmas of mental illness such as psychosis, alcoholism, attempt suicide, and depression among North Korean defectors. METHODS: We examined stigma for the mental illnesses of 639 North Korean defectors aged 19 to 65 years who live in the Settlement Support Center for North Korean Refugees. The stigmas of mental illnesses were assessed using the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale We directly compared the stigma level between North Korean defectors and the general population of South Korea. RESULTS: North Korean defectors had higher perceived stigmas of psychosis and alcoholism and lower perceived stigmas of depression than South Koreans. Perceived stigma associated with attempted suicide was similar for North Korean defectors and South Koreans. Only marital status in sociodemographic variables had associations with higher perceived stigma of psychosis, alcoholism, and depression in the North Korean defectors. North Korean defectors, who spent more than one year in transit country, had associations with lower perceived stigma of psychosis and alcoholism. North Korean defectors, who had the experience of compulsory repatriation to North Korea or North Korean family in South Korea, had an association with higher perceived stigma of depression. CONCLUSION: North Korean defectors had higher perceived stigmas of psychosis and alcoholism and lower perceived stigmas of depression than South Koreans. Further studies are needed to document serial changes in stigmas for mental illnesses associated with the receipt of education at the Settlement Support Center for North Korean defectors.
Alcoholism ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Psychotic Disorders ; Refugees ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish, using computed tomography, the normal thickness of thepericardium in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 50 patients, including sections through the level of theheart, were reviewed. Patients were excluded if there were any suspicions of pericardial abnormality such asinfectious or neoplastic diseases. Twenty-four of the 50 were men and 26 were women; their mean age was 47.0(range,18-76) years. We measured pericardial thickness at the level of the right ventricle, interventricularseptum and left ventricle, and also compared pericardial thickness in terms of age and sex. RESULTS: In allpatients, the pericardium was observed in the right ventricular region; in 41 (82%) at the interventricularseptum; and in 41 (82%) along the left ventricle. The mean thickness of normal pericardium at the level of theright ventricle, interventricular septum, and left ventricle was 1.8 mm +/- 0.5 mm, 1.8 mm +/- 0.4 mm, and 1.7 mm +/-0.5 mm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was apparent between pericardial thickness and agegroup (p > 0.63, ANOVA test). Mean pericardial thickness was 1.9 mm +/- 0.6 mm in males and 1.7 mm +/- 0.4 mm in females; thus, no statistically significant correlation was apparent between pericardial thickness and sex (p >0.29, Student's t-test). CONCLUSION: The pericardium was best visualized in sections through the right ventricle.The mean thickness of normal pericardium was 1.8 mm +/- 0.5 mm and pericardial thickness did not differ accordingto age or sex.
Adult* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Pericardium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of injectable hyaluronic acid gel(HA) for augmentation of the glans penis and treatment of premature ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 139 patients with premature ejaculation, dorsal neurectomy(Group I; n=25) and glandular augmentation using HA(Group II; n=114) were done. Six months after each procedure, ejaculatory latency, penile vibratory threshold, and patient and partner satisfaction were assessed in both groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative ejaculation time in the two groups, being 89.2+/-40.3 sec in Group I and 96.5+/-52.3 sec in Group II. Postoperatively, ejaculatory latency was significantly increased, to 235.6+/-58.6 sec in Group I and 324.2+/-107.6 sec in Group II(p<0.01). The postoperative vibratory threshold was also significantly increased in both groups(p<0.01). Satisfaction was expressed by both the patient and his partner in 68%(17/25) and 44%(11/25), respectively, in Group I and 79.8%(91/114) and 64.0% (73/114) in Group II. The maximal glandular girth was significantly increased, from 9.2+/-0.6 cm to 11.0+/-0.4 cm, in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: Glandular augmentation with injectable HA gel appears to be very effective for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Glandular augmentation with a bulking agent is anticipated to replace the hazardous, irreversible dorsal neurectomy.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Male ; Penis* ; Premature Ejaculation*

BACKGROUND: There is high interest in a new approach to improve children's lifestyle habits in order to prevent childhood obesity. A smartphone application (app) is a new technology platform that can be used to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: The key messages for healthy eating habits and physical activities were selected by experts in nutrition, physical activity, and psychology and were adjusted for use in elementary school students. Gamification techniques were used to increase app user engagement. A total of 249 students in grades 4-6 were asked to rate their satisfaction for the app after 4 weeks of use. RESULTS: The main menu of "HAPPY ME" was composed of user profile, "EVERYDAY QUEST," exercise diary, diet diary, settings, and notifications. The app users were asked to complete 6-9 daily missions regarding healthy eating habits and physical activities through "EVERYDAY QUEST." The mean satisfaction scores for each variable were distributed from 3.6 to 4.0 points, and most of the students responded that they would continue to use the app (4.0 points). CONCLUSION: We developed a smartphone app (HAPPY ME) for 4th-6th grade elementary students aimed to provide educational information about healthy eating habits and physical activities in order to prevent childhood.
Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Psychology ; Religious Missions ; Smartphone

Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a nontuberculosis mycobacterium that is normally associated with cutaneous lesions. Most cases occur after an individual has suffered minor trauma in association with contaminated fresh or salt water. In immunocompromised patients, M. marinum can cause osteomyelitis, synovitis and/or disseminated infection, which can be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE). Therefore, precise history taking and specimen culture are very important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We report an unusual case of septic polyarthritis due to M. marinum that was diagnosed by culture and improved with antibiotic therapy.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Early Diagnosis ; Edema ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Mycobacterium marinum ; Osteomyelitis ; Synovitis