No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Membrane Disease* ; Infant, Newborn

A large body of evidence indicates that Helicobacter pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Several techniques are currently used for detecting H. pylori. Recently the immunohistochemical method was introduced for rapid detection of H. pylori. To compare the result of the immunohistochemical method with those obtained by microbiologic methods, we glean formalin fixed, paraffin embbeded gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 85 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. We set fifty cases which H. pylori was cultivated and identified by Gram stain as Group I, and thirty-five cases without H. pylori in Gram stain and culture as Group II. The results were as follows. 1) The sensitivity and the specificity of immunohistochemical method were 94% and 80% compared with the microbiologic method. Positive and negative predictive value of the immunohistochemical method were respectively 87% and 90%. However, in seven cases of Group II, H. pylori were identified by immunohistichemical method. 2) Immunohistochemical staining exhibited bacteria that were present in the mucus layer, the surface of the gastric mucosa and metaplastic gastric epithelium in duodenum. With reference to the distribution and density of H. pylori in Group I and II, a significant correlation existed between microbiologic results and bacterial load of the biopsy specimen (p<0.01). 3) Chronic inflammation of gastric biopsies were seen in all 45 H. pylori-positive cases(100%) and 16 out of 19 H. pylori-negative cases(84%). The degree of chronic inflammation was more severe in positive cases than negative cases. Activity of inflammation was seen 98% of H. pylori-positive cases and 16% of H. pylori-negative cases. Intestinal metaplasia was seen 40% of H. pylori-positive cases and 58% of H. pylori-negative cases. Lymphoid follicles and aggregates were seen in 47%(27 cases) of H. pylori-positive cases. Among 47%, cases with lymphoid follicles were 9%(4 cases) and cases with lymphoid aggregates were 38%(17 cases). In H. pylori-negative cases, lymphoid follicles and aggregates were seen in 16%(3 cases). It is possible to obtain samples from most of the individuals who underwent the endoscopy in Korea. And this method is simple, rapid and sensitive. We conclude that the immunohistochemical method is another useful diagnostic tool for detection of Helicobacter pylori.
Predictive Value of Tests ; Biopsy

OBJECTIVES: The treatment setting of mental hospital has a great influence on the outcome of treatment. The authors compared the characteristics of treatment setting of the open and the closed wards in a mental hospital and the attitudes of the staff and patients on each ward. METHODS: Total four wards two typical open wards and two typical closed wards were selected and each contained one male ward and one female ward. Ward Atmosphere Scale(WAS) was conducted to each and the mean scores of suscales of WAS were compared by using Student's t-test. RESULTS: 1) The closed ward was similar to the treatment setting of control-oriented program which stresses the stator control and the nile of ward and ignores the autonomy of patients and such a evaluation was perceived more by the patients than by the staff. 2) The open ward supported and encouraged the staff and patients and focused on solving the practical problems of the patients, and especially the staff perceived it as the treatment program the activated ward. 3) It was shown that the open ward was more therapeutic and while it focused on the autonomous problem solving, the closed ward pup enguasis on the protection of patients. In addition, the patients were more sensitive to the difference of setting between the two wards than the star. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, if various and realistic programs were offered to the patients in the ward, the open ward would be proposed as a desirable therapeutic form for the chronic psychiatric inpatients.
Atmosphere ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Problem Solving

PURPOSE: The childhood obesity is currently increasing. The childhood obesity is difficult to treat and the response of treatment is transitory because it is caused by the hyperplasia of fat cells. The complications of obesity are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, artherosclerotic coronary arterial disease and fatty liver. Therefore the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity from childhood is very important. This study was performed to identify the relation between various weight-height indices and serum lipid levels and to seek for the parameters predicting the presence of fatty liver in obese children. METHODS: Between January 1994 to August 1995, 145 children were diagnosed as obesity by height-weight indices or fat % calculated from skin fold thickness among 672 children who were take an health care services at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Thirteen children of them were complicated with fatty liver. Serum lipid levels and abdominal ultrasonography were performed in 145 obese children. RESULTS: Most obese children were 9-13 years of age. The obese children with fatty liver(85.0%) have larger proportion of moderate to severe obesity than those without fatty liver(30.3%). The analysis of height-weight indicies(obesity index, Rohrer index, body mass index) and serum lipid levels revealed that total cholesterol level highly related to RI(r=0.937) and BMI(r=0.805). There are statistically significant differences in height-weight indices between obese children with fatty liver and without fatty liver (p<0.05). There are statistically significant differences in triglyceride level and HDL cholesterol(p<0.05), not in total cholesterol and LDH cholesterol between both groups. The grade of fatty liver is significantly related to serum triglyceride level(r=0.45, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fatty liver was significantly associated with the degree of obesity and serum triglyceride level. Therefore, the serum triglyceride level is a good parameter to predict fatty liver in moderate to severe obese children.
Adipocytes ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Delivery of Health Care ; Early Diagnosis ; Fatty Liver* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity ; Skin ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the barium enema findings of milk allergy in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the plain abdominal radiography and barium enema findings was performed in fifteen young infants suffering with milk allergy. The presence of gaseous distension, rectal gas, paralytic ileus and mechanical obstruction was evaluated on the plain radiography. The presence of spasm, a transitional zone, a reversed rectosigmoid index and mucosal irregularity was analyzed on the barium enema; the presence of barium retention was also evaluated on 24-hour-delayed plain radiography. RESULTS: Paralytic ileus was the most common finding on the plain radiography (93%). On the barium enema, continuous spasm of the colon, ranging from the rectum to the descending colon, was revealed in ten infants (67%). A transitional zone was observed in one infant and a reversed rectosigmoid index was revealed in four. Mucosal irregularity was observed in two infants. Barium retention was demonstrated in 11 of fifteen cases: throughout the entire colon (n = 3), from the rectum to the descending colon (n = 7), and up to the transverse colon (n = 1). CONCLUSION: The most common barium enema finding of milk allergy in infants was spasm of the distal colon. The other findings were a transitional zone, a reversed rectosigmoid index, mucosal irregularity and barium retention.
Barium* ; Colitis ; Colon ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Transverse ; Enema* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk* ; Radiography ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasm

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the barium enema findings of milk allergy in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the plain abdominal radiography and barium enema findings was performed in fifteen young infants suffering with milk allergy. The presence of gaseous distension, rectal gas, paralytic ileus and mechanical obstruction was evaluated on the plain radiography. The presence of spasm, a transitional zone, a reversed rectosigmoid index and mucosal irregularity was analyzed on the barium enema; the presence of barium retention was also evaluated on 24-hour-delayed plain radiography. RESULTS: Paralytic ileus was the most common finding on the plain radiography (93%). On the barium enema, continuous spasm of the colon, ranging from the rectum to the descending colon, was revealed in ten infants (67%). A transitional zone was observed in one infant and a reversed rectosigmoid index was revealed in four. Mucosal irregularity was observed in two infants. Barium retention was demonstrated in 11 of fifteen cases: throughout the entire colon (n = 3), from the rectum to the descending colon (n = 7), and up to the transverse colon (n = 1). CONCLUSION: The most common barium enema finding of milk allergy in infants was spasm of the distal colon. The other findings were a transitional zone, a reversed rectosigmoid index, mucosal irregularity and barium retention.
Barium* ; Colitis ; Colon ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Transverse ; Enema* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk* ; Radiography ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasm

BACKGROUND: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propinoic acid (AMPA) receptors bound to postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and alpha isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alphaCaMKII) is fundamentally involved in the regulation of working memory. The aim of present study was to investigate the alterations of NMDA and AMPA receptors responsible for hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and selective neuronal cell death after chronic renal failure (CRF) which may be associated with impairment of working memory. METHODS: Altered interactions between NMDA and AMPA receptors and PSD-95 and alphaCaMKII were analyzed in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3/dentate gyrus (DG) subfields of the uremic rat hippocampi using the immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation methods. RESULTS: Uremia induced by CRF produced necrotic cell death and decreased neuronal nucleoli protein levels in the hippocampal CA1 subfield, but not in the CA3/DG subfields. The CA1 subfields of CRF rats exhibited significant decreases and increases, respectively, in the expressions of PSD-95/NR2B and alphaCaMKII/NR2A synaptic complex. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of glutamate receptor type 1 (GluR1) AMPA receptor at ser831 was observed in the CA1 subfield after CRF. CONCLUSION: These hippocampal CA1 neuronal vulnerability may be responsible for memory dysfunction after CRF as mediated by an increase in NR2A-containing NMDA receptors bound to alphaCaMKII and subsequent activation of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors caused by the phosphorylation of GluR1 at ser831.
Animals ; Cell Death* ; Hippocampus ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoprecipitation ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; Rats* ; Receptors, AMPA* ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Up-Regulation* ; Uremia

This study was conducted to investigate the cause and magnitude of food poisoning among residents and visitors for a birthday party in a rural area of Kyongju city in september, 1996. The total subjects were 137 persons, 119 residents(53 males, 66 females), including 7 hospitalixed patients and 18 visitors(8 males, 10 females). The investigation consisted of an interview survey, a study on clinical characteristics for the patients hospitalized, bacteriological examinations of the underground water and microbiologic examinations on microbes isolated from the patients. The population at risk was 59 persons(24 males, 35 females). The attack rate was 50.0%(12 cases) for males, 48.6% for females(17 cases). The cases were distributed evenly for all age groups. The attack rates for each party-food and possible fooe groups were not significantly different. Most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among cases than non-ases: abdominal pain(73.1%), diarrhea(73.1%), chilliness(69.2%), fever(65.4%), anorexia(61.5%), nausea(53.8%), general weakness(50.0%) and dizziness(50.0%) were the major symptoms among the cases. The admission rate among the cases was 24.1%(1 male, 6 females). In the stool cultures, Salmonella species group D was isolated from 6 persons of 85 examinees. It was identified as Salmonella enteritidis by serological diagnosis. The samples of underground water were assessed Enon-compatible for drinking in 10 wells(83.3%) of this rural area and it was suggested that it could have been contaminated from cattle feces. There were two wells in the party house, one of them was contaminated by bacterias including E. coli. The contaminated water was stored in a water tank located on the rooftop. This water was used for dish washing and cooking. Wd concluded that the cause of this epidemic was the underground water contaminated by Salmonella enteritidis from guman carriers or domestic animal carriers.
Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Bacteria ; Cattle ; Cooking ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Feces ; Foodborne Diseases ; Groundwater ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Population Characteristics ; Salmonella enteritidis* ; Salmonella*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to provide the baseline data for the epidemiologic and microbiologic investigation for the etiology of sudden deaths of cattle in Sara-Ri, Seo Myun, Kyongju. METHODS: This survey was performed between April 11 and 22, 1994. Epidemiologic investigation consisted of interview of the residents, as well as pathologic and microbiologic test on tissues and blood samples from cardiac puncture. RESULTS: The dead numbers of cattle were 149 in 35 households during about 20 years. The cows(63.9%) were more than bulls(36.1%) and most of them were raised in playpen(95.7%). The first death occurred in 1974, and then number of deaths increased until 1994. Besides the age of cattle at death was over two years old (88.3%), most of them(69.4%) died within one hour after onset of noticeable symptom by the farmers. The most common symptom of cattle at death was 'sudden death after screaming(71.1%)' and 'seizure (33.3%)'. Colonies from blood of case 3 showed double hemolysis in blood agar plate. The microbiologic test results in the culture of Clostridium perfringens. The pathological features were characterized as most of renal tubules revealed coagulative necrosis. Some gram-positive bacilli are scattered in interstitium. CONCLUSIONS: Above results suggest C. perfringens as a possible pathogen of this ourbreak in livestock. The possibility of human infection, although nonfatal, and lack of vaccination against C. perfringens raises a need for stronger preventive action toward this communicable disease of cattle on this village.
Agar ; Animals ; Cattle* ; Clostridium Infections ; Clostridium perfringens ; Communicable Diseases ; Death, Sudden* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Livestock ; Necrosis ; Punctures ; Vaccination

Kerion celsi is an inflammatory type of tinea capitis. It is usually seen with zoophilic pathogens, with common examples being Microsporum(M.) canis, Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum. Hamster is the mammal which belongs to the rodent family, usually small in size and frequently nocturnal in their habits and small pet kept in many countries today. We report a case of kerion celsi caused by M. canis probably transmitted from hamster in a 8-year-old boy. The patient had various sized, erythematous boggy nodules and pustules with irregular hair loss on the scalp for 2 months. Culture from a scalp lesion of patient on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed M. canis. He was treated with 125 mg of terbinafine daily for 12 weeks and short term therapy of low dose of prednisolone. Skin lesions were cured without recurrence.
Agar ; Animals ; Child ; Cricetinae ; Glucose ; Hair ; Humans ; Mammals ; Microsporum ; Naphthalenes ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Rodentia ; Scalp ; Skin ; Tinea Capitis