OBJECTIVES: Sexual assaults are increasing in the world. They are frequently associated with violence of verbal or physical force and threat. The aim of this study is to investigate frequency of violence according to characteristics of sexual assault. METHODS: Eighty two female sexual assault victims were referred to the psychiatric clinic from Gwangju One-Stop Service Center between Sep. 4, 2006 and Dec. 31, 2012. We compared the frequency of violence, including verbal or physical force and threat according to characteristics of sexual assault : sexual assault type ; relationship with perpetrator ; time lag to visit one-stop center ; assault location. RESULTS: According to the results, 58.5% (n=48) of subjects had experienced violence before the sexual assaults. Compared to rape (50.9%), indecent (76.0%) showed more frequent violence ; and stranger assailant (81.8%) showed greater frequency of violence than acquaintance (50.0%). Victims who visited the One-stop center within 24 hours (76.7%) had greater exposure to violence than those who visited after 24 hours (48.1%). Regarding assault location, violence frequency was higher in other locations (65.7%) than in accommodations (26.7%). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that frequency of violence before sexual assaults could be influenced by their characteristics.
Female ; Humans ; Rape ; Violence*

Great advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in Korea in the year of 1985. However, it deserve to say that the invaluable data from fertility centers may serve as a useful source to find out which factors affect successful IVF outcome and to offer applicable information to infertile patients and fertility clinics. This article intended to report the status of ART in 2009 Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology surveyed. The current survey was performed to assess the status and success rate of ART performed in Korea, between January 1 and December 31, 2009. Reporting forms had been sent out to IVF centers via e-mail, and collected by e-mail as well in 2012. With International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies recommendation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and non-ICSI cases have been categorized and also IVF-ET cases involving frozen embryo replacement have been surveyed separately. Seventy-four centers have reported the treatment cycles initiated in the year of 2009, and had performed a total of 27,947 cycles of ART treatments. Among a total of 27,947 treatment cycles, IVF and ICSI cases added up to 22,049 (78.9%), with 45.3% IVF without ICSI and 54.7% IVF with ICSI, respectively. Among the IVF and ICSI patients, patients confirmed to have achieved clinical pregnancy was 28.8% per cycle with oocyte retrieval, and 30.9% per cycle with embryo transfer. The most common number of embryos transferred in 2009 is three embryos (40.4%), followed by 2 embryos (28.4%) and a single embryo transferred (13.6%). Among IVF and ICSI cycles that resulted in multiple live births, twin pregnancy rate was 45.3% and triple pregnancy rate was 1.1%. A total of 191 cases of oocyte donation had been performed to result in 25.0% of live birth rate. Meanwhile, a total of 5,619 cases of frozen embryo replacement had been performed with 33.7% of clinical pregnancy rate per cycle with embryo transfer. When comparing with international registry data, clinical pregnancy rate per transfer from fresh IVF cycles including ICSI (34.1%,) was comparable to clinical pregnancy rate per transfer in European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology report was 32.5% though lower than 45.0% for USA data. There was no remarkable difference in status of assisted reproductive technology in Korea between the current report and the data reported in 2008. The age of women trying to get pregnant was reconfirmed to be the most important factor that may have impact on success of ART treatment.
Electronic Mail ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Korea* ; Live Birth ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic