We sought to describe the incidence rate of the urologic disease in the Korean military by reviewing diagnoses made in active duty soldiers from 2008 to 2013. A total of 72,248 first visits were generated in the Defense Medical Statistics Information System (DMSIS) with its gradually increasing trend over 6 years. A sharp increase of first visit was observed after implementation of the regular health check-up for all conscripted soldiers since 2013. Urolithiasis, prostatitis, epididymoorchitis, urethritis, and varicocele were prevalent. Prostatitis was the highest diagnosis made in the outpatient service, while varicocele was ranked the highest in the inpatient service. The incidence rates of urologic disease varied from 12.3 to 34.2 cases per 1,000 person-years. The urologic disease in conscripted men showed different distribution when we separated the population into conscripted and professional soldiers. Epididymoorchitis was the highest disease followed by urolithiasis, dysuresia, and balanoposthitis in 2013. This study underscores that the urologic disease has spent significant amount of health care resources in the Korean military. This calls for further study to find any significant difference and contributing factors of the urologic disease in the military and the civilian population.
Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Systems ; Inpatients ; Male ; Medical Records* ; Military Personnel* ; Outpatients ; Prostatitis ; Urethritis ; Urolithiasis ; Urologic Diseases* ; Urology ; Varicocele

Nonpancreatic pseudocyst is a rare lesion, with a specific fat-fluid level in the cyst. It is found among all age groups. The condition has been previously reported in foreign but not in domestic journals; we now describe one such case.
Humans

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a very rare form of childhood pancreatic tumor. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl having a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas presenting with left upper abdominal pain. Imaging studies showed the lesion to be an ovoid solid mass arising from the body and the tail of the pancreas. The tumor was surgically resected and was histopathologically diagnosed as a solid pseudopapillary tumor.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Humans ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: In this study, we attempted to analyze the occupational accident experience rate by working life cycle of Korean workers considering entrance and turnover in their jobs. The specific goal of this study was to calculate the accident experience rate according to workers' turnover history and previous accident experience. METHODS: We constructed a cumulative data set of 90,338 cases of workers' accident experiences in their jobs from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. The accident experience rates according to workers' turnover and previous accident experiences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. RESULTS: In this study, the cumulative accident experience rate of Korean workers was found to be 5.2%. It was confirmed that the accident experience rate of workers increased as the turnover frequencies increased. In addition, we analyzed only the data of the workers who had experienced turnover and found that the accident experience rate after turnover increased about 7.5 times when workers had experienced accidents in the past. CONCLUSION: To prevent occupational accidents in workers, safety strategies should consider a worker's previous job history and injury experiences. It will also be necessary to focus preventive efforts on new and young workers through ongoing monitoring and on-the-job training.
Accidents, Occupational ; Dataset ; Inservice Training ; Life Cycle Stages

PURPOSE: In this study, we attempted to analyze the occupational accident experience rate by working life cycle of Korean workers considering entrance and turnover in their jobs. The specific goal of this study was to calculate the accident experience rate according to workers' turnover history and previous accident experience. METHODS: We constructed a cumulative data set of 90,338 cases of workers' accident experiences in their jobs from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. The accident experience rates according to workers' turnover and previous accident experiences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. RESULTS: In this study, the cumulative accident experience rate of Korean workers was found to be 5.2%. It was confirmed that the accident experience rate of workers increased as the turnover frequencies increased. In addition, we analyzed only the data of the workers who had experienced turnover and found that the accident experience rate after turnover increased about 7.5 times when workers had experienced accidents in the past. CONCLUSION To prevent occupational accidents in workers, safety strategies should consider a worker's previous job history and injury experiences. It will also be necessary to focus preventive efforts on new and young workers through ongoing monitoring and on-the-job training.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiologic features and clinical utility of ultrasonography and mammography in cases of gynecomastia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 40 men inwhom gynecomastia had been pathologically diagnosed by surgical incision. In 21 cases, a retrospective analysis of ultrasonographic and mammographic findings was performed. RESULTS: Causative factors of gynecomastia among the 40 pathologically-proven cases were idiopathic or pubertal in 33 cases, related to male hormone deficiency in three cases and to chronic liver disease in four. Bilateral involvement was seen in 14 cases, and unilateral involvementin 26 ; among unilateral cases, right side was involved in 10 cases, and the left side in 16. Mammographically, asubareolar discoid lesion was present in 12 cases, diffuse increased breast density was seen in five cases and dendritic marginated subareolar lesion without microcalcification in one. Ultrasonographically, a round smooth marginated low echogenic lesion in the subareolar region was seen in five cases, a diffuse hyperechogenic pattern without definite mass in two cases and an ill defined low echogenic lesion in one. CONCLUSION: The male breast is small, so in cases of gynecomastia, ultrasonography is an effective diagnostic modality. Mamography will, however, be helpful in the detection of microcalcification in cases of gynecomastia seen on sonography.
Breast ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To investigate the pathways of radiation induced apoptosis and the effect of cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine), as a radioprotector, on it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HL-60 cells were assigned to control, irradiated, and cysteamine (1 mM, 10mM) pretreated groups, Irradiation was given in a single fraction of 10 Gy (6 MV x-ray) and cysteamine was administered 1 hour before irradiation. The activities of caspase-8 were measured in control and irradiated group to evaluate its relation to the radiation induced apoptosis. To evaluate the role of cysteamine in radiation induced apoptosis, the number of viable cells, the expression and activity of caspase-3, and the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were measured and compared after irradiation the HL-60 cells with cysteamine pretreatment or not. RESULTS: The intracellular caspase-8 activity, known to be related to the death receptor induced apoptosis, was not affected by irradiation (p>0.05). The number of viable cells began to decrease from 6 hours after irradiation (p>0.05), but the number of viable cells in 1 mM cysteamine pretreated group was not decreased afger irradiation and was similar to those in the control group. In caspase-3 analyses, known as apoptosis executioner, its expression was not different but its activity was increased by irradiation (p>0.05). However, this increase of activity was suppressed by the pretreatment of 1mM crysteamine. The cleavage of PARP, thought to be resulted from caspase-3 activation, occurred after irradiation, which was attenuated by the pretreatment of 1mM cysteamine. CONCLUSION: these results show that radiation induced apoptotic process is somewhat different from death receptor induced one and the pretreatment of 1 mM cysteamine has a tendency to decrease the radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
Apoptosis* ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Cysteamine* ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans

Trichobezoar is characterized by the accumulation of hair in the gastrointestinal tract and usually occurs in those who have trichotillomania, other psychiatric disorders, or neurologic problems. Trichobezoar typically presents as gastric obstruction, including abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. A 9-year-old girl visited our clinic with the complaint of abdominal discomfort and vomiting. A review of her medical history revealed that she had trichophagia since the age of 5, and she felt that her parents had been strict with her. She underwent gastrotomy, during which a large trichobezoar was removed. This case highlights the importance of psychiatric and comprehensive approaches in patients with trichobezoar.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Bezoars ; Child ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hair ; Humans ; Parents ; Trichotillomania ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

A 30-year-old male presented with multiple tender erythematous nodules, varying in size from 0.5 cm to 2 cm on the right shoulder of the body. He gave a history of pain associated with these lesions, especially on exposure to cold and touch. These lesions showed multi-segmental distribution; each began as a papule, which gradually increased both in size and number to form a nodule. The lesions, which were misdiagnosed as keloids at another hospital, were managed with numerous intralesional steroid injections. This treatment did not improve the symptoms. Based on the history and cutaneous findings during the physical examination, we considered a diagnosis of a benign tumor. Among the lesions, some of the larger ones were completely excised, followed by excision biopsy. We then made a diagnosis of cutaneous leiomyoma, more specifically, piloleiomyoma. The excisional lesions were covered by skin grafts and closed by primary repair.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Keloid* ; Leiomyoma ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Shoulder* ; Skin ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Inverted nipples can pose aesthetic and functional problems, especially for young women. The objectives of inverted nipple correction are both sufficient aesthetic projection of the nipple and postoperative functional preservation of the lactiferous ducts. Recurrence of nipple inversion is still an unsolved problem in many cases. We present a new nipple suspension technique using nipple- and areola-based dermal flaps for correcting inverted nipples and preserving the lactiferous duct to minimize the risk of recurrence. METHODS: We corrected six inverted nipples in three patients, which were classified as grade II using the Han and Hong classification of nipple inversion. The anteroposterior and lateral medical-quality photographs of the respective patients were identified for nipple protrusion and recurrence during a 6-month follow-up period to evaluate aesthetical goal and assess the sensitivity of the nipple to confirm preservation of the main lactiferous ducts. Surgical details are described within the main text. RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative photography revealed good nipple protrusion during the 6-month follow-up period without any complications such as skin necrosis and recurrence. We were unable to directly identify breast-feeding function because all three patients were young and unmarried women. However, we assumed preservation of the main lactiferous duct since no nipple sensory change was identified in the postoperative examination when compared with the preoperative examination. CONCLUSIONS: With this method, we were able to confirm the hardness of the column and minimize the injury of the main lactiferous duct.
Breast ; Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hardness ; Humans ; Inlays* ; Methods* ; Necrosis ; Nipples* ; Photography ; Recurrence ; Single Person ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps