Leiomyoma of the female urethra is exceedingly rare entity. Twenty-four year woman admitted to the hospital with a painless, gross hematuria and protruded mass outside the vaginal introitus. Vaginal examination revealed a mass arising from anterior urethral wall extending from meatus up to 1 cm proximally. Histopathological studies confirmed urethral leiomyoma. Surgery completely resolved the original symptoms and no evidence of complications after surgery. We report a case of leiomyoma of the female urethra and a review of the literature.
Female* ; Gynecological Examination ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Urethra*

Leiomyoma arising primarily in the ovary is a rare tumor, accounting for only 1% of benign ovarian neoplasms. About 50 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Most cases are asymptomatic and this benign neoplasm is usually found incidentally on routine pelvic examination, at surgery, or at autopsy. We present a case of ovarian leiomyoma in 39-year-old woman which has been experienced in our hospital with brief review of literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary*

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have a low complication rate and minimal side effects and are pervaded contraceptive method. Perforation of the uterus by an IUD is very rare. But perforation of the uterus is one of the most serious complications associated with insertion of IUD. During the puerperium when the uterus is small and the uterine wall is thin the risk of perforation increase. The frequency has been estimated between 0.05 and 13 per 1000 insertions. When the IUD strings are not visible during pelvic examination, physicians make efforts to locate the IUD. We experienced a laparosopic removal of perforated intrauterine device, which had been inserted on postpartum 5 th week, at posterior lower segment of uterus with intrauterine pregnancy. So we report a case with a brief review of the literature.
Contraception ; Gynecological Examination ; Intrauterine Devices ; Laparoscopy ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Uterus

A rare case of vaginal tuberculosis is reported. A 42-year-old woman referred to our hospital for surgical treatment of a cystocele presented with vaginal mass for 2 months. Pelvic examination revealed a cystic mass at anterior vagianl wall. Her initial diagnosis was urethral diverticulum. Surgical excision was performed and pathological analysis of the specimen revealed tuberculosis. She was treated with antituberculous drugs. We emphasize the need to maintain a high index of suspicion and to biopsy any suspicious vaginal lesion in the diagnosis of vaginal tuberculosis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cystocele ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Tuberculosis*

Hormone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women is widely used for relieving vasomotor symptoms or preventing osteoporosis. Even though exogenous hormone is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women under hormone therapy, in clinical practice, physicians must never exclude the possibility of endometrial disorders, such as endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Taking thorough medical history and performing physical and pelvic examinations are essential for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in menopausal hormone therapy. Transvaginal ultrasonography, endometrial aspiration biopsy, dilatation and curettage, and hysteroscopy are the options which physicians may use. This case is about a woman with continuous combined hormone therapy for 5 years who had experienced rather sudden onset of vaginal spotting lasting for several months and was finally diagnosed as having malignant mixed Mullerian tumor. Our purpose is to inquire into the proper approaching steps for vaginal bleeding in menopausal hormone therapy.
Biopsy, Needle ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Osteoporosis ; Uterine Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of pelvic examination versus imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the measurement of the tumor size of invasive cervical carcinoma based on pathologic findings. METHODS: Patients with stage Ib-II cervical cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment between January 2003 and December 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred three consecutive patients aged 24 to 81 years (mean age, 50.6 years), who had not received any treatment previously were included in this study. Accuracy of preoperative CT or MRI versus pelvic examination in the measurement of tumor size was compared based on pathologic findings. All patients were examined and staged clinically by the gynecologic oncologist. Surgery was performed within 2 weeks after imaging studies. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The largest diameter of the tumor measured by pathologic findings was 2.76+/-1.76 cm. Based on pathologic findings, accuracy was estimated by the degree of agreement with a difference of <0.5 or 1.0 cm between the measurements of tumor size obtained by pelvic examination and imaging modality. Pelvic examination and imaging modality had an accuracy of 46.6% and 39.8%, respectively, with a difference of <0.5 cm, and an accuracy of 72.8% and 55.3%, respectively, with a difference of <1.0 cm. Correlation with pathologic findings was higher for pelvic examination (r(s)=0.680) than for imaging modality (r(s)=0.410). In determining the size of tumor mass differentiating >4.0 cm from < or =4.0 cm, imaging modality showed higher accuracy than pelvic examination. CONCLUSION: For the patients with stage Ib to II cervical cancer, pelvic examination is superior to imaging modality with regard to evaluation of the tumor size. However, imaging modality may be accurate for evaluating bulky tumors of cervical cancer.
Aged ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Heterotopic pregnancy is a condition in which ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies coexist. The reported incidence varies widely from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 30000 pregnancies. Assisted reproductive technologies have led to an increase in the number of heterotopic pregnancies. Because heterotopic pregnancy is difficult to diagnose early and it has high morbidity and mortality rate, careful pelvic examination combined with transvaginal sonogram and serial beta-HCG determinations are important. We experienced a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a natural cycle diagnosed by ultrasonogram who continued intrauterine pregnancy successfully.
Gynecological Examination ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Ultrasonography*

Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix is most commonly considered to be metastatic in origin. We describe one case of primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix occuring in 49-year-old patient. The lesion was located at the posterior lip of the cervix and about 3 cm in size. This case was parametrium thickening in pelvic examination and positive for HPV type 18. CCRT (concurrent chemoradiotherapy) was done for clinical FIGO stage II B adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The patient is alive for 6month since diagnosis and disappear lesion of the cervix. A upper gastroenteroscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy, intravenous pyelogram, abdominal pelvic CT, PET CT, mammogram were reported negative. Therefore we concluded this case for a primary cervical origin of signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Colonoscopy ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Lip ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to look into back pain, pain disability, labour pain, and related areas of pain experienced by postpartum women. METHOD: A survey about pain including a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry pain disability, and pain drawing was used in a descriptive research method on 98 women 2-3 days after delivery. RESULT: 57.1% of those surveyed reported experiencing back pain before pregnancy. 75.5% reported experiencing back pain during pregnancy. The average starting time of back pain for pregnant women was 2.9 months into pregnancy. 48.8% reported the most severe back pain in the last trimester of pregnancy, while most women complained of left and right pubic pain and lumbar area pain during pregnancy. Statistical relations were calculated and menstrual symptoms (F=5.938, p=0.004), back pain prior to pregnancy (F=4.714, p=0.000), back pain during pregnancy (F=-3.429, p=0.001), and back pain disability prior to pregnancy (F=-1.994). CONCLUSION: There is a relation in postpartum women's back pain between back pain prior to pregnancy and back pain during pregnancy. Pelvic examinations early in pregnancy can determine if back pain will change for the worse or relapse. Therefore, the application of a pain relieving nursing intervention is needed.
Back Pain* ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Nursing ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women ; Recurrence

The invasive cervical cancer associated with pregnancy is rare case, but the most common cancer among the malignancy associated with pregnancy. The diagnosis and the symptoms are not different from the non-pregnancy case, but vaginal bleeding which is the main symptom of cervical cancer is often misconceived for usual complication of pregnancy, and could delay the diagnosis. Pregnancy provides ideal times for cervical cancer screening, since pelvic examination could be easily performed. So all pregnant patients should have a cytology at the initial antenatal visit. The treatment is not significantly different from the non-pregnancy, but when we determine the treatment plan, the start time of treatment is most important point and it was affected by the gestational age at diagnosis and strong desire of the patients. We report 3 cases of invasive cervical cancer associated with pregnancy since 1998, and we delayed the treatment until postpartum in 2 cases.
Diagnosis ; Gestational Age ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Uterine Hemorrhage