Leiomyoma of the female urethra is exceedingly rare entity. Twenty-four year woman admitted to the hospital with a painless, gross hematuria and protruded mass outside the vaginal introitus. Vaginal examination revealed a mass arising from anterior urethral wall extending from meatus up to 1 cm proximally. Histopathological studies confirmed urethral leiomyoma. Surgery completely resolved the original symptoms and no evidence of complications after surgery. We report a case of leiomyoma of the female urethra and a review of the literature.
Female* ; Gynecological Examination ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Urethra*

A rare case of vaginal tuberculosis is reported. A 42-year-old woman referred to our hospital for surgical treatment of a cystocele presented with vaginal mass for 2 months. Pelvic examination revealed a cystic mass at anterior vagianl wall. Her initial diagnosis was urethral diverticulum. Surgical excision was performed and pathological analysis of the specimen revealed tuberculosis. She was treated with antituberculous drugs. We emphasize the need to maintain a high index of suspicion and to biopsy any suspicious vaginal lesion in the diagnosis of vaginal tuberculosis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cystocele ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Tuberculosis*

Leiomyoma arising primarily in the ovary is a rare tumor, accounting for only 1% of benign ovarian neoplasms. About 50 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Most cases are asymptomatic and this benign neoplasm is usually found incidentally on routine pelvic examination, at surgery, or at autopsy. We present a case of ovarian leiomyoma in 39-year-old woman which has been experienced in our hospital with brief review of literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary*

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have a low complication rate and minimal side effects and are pervaded contraceptive method. Perforation of the uterus by an IUD is very rare. But perforation of the uterus is one of the most serious complications associated with insertion of IUD. During the puerperium when the uterus is small and the uterine wall is thin the risk of perforation increase. The frequency has been estimated between 0.05 and 13 per 1000 insertions. When the IUD strings are not visible during pelvic examination, physicians make efforts to locate the IUD. We experienced a laparosopic removal of perforated intrauterine device, which had been inserted on postpartum 5 th week, at posterior lower segment of uterus with intrauterine pregnancy. So we report a case with a brief review of the literature.
Contraception ; Gynecological Examination ; Intrauterine Devices ; Laparoscopy ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Uterus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. METHODS: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. RESULTS: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. CONSLUSIONS: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.
Adult ; Analgesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. METHODS: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. RESULTS: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. CONSLUSIONS: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.
Adult ; Analgesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy*

The invasive cervical cancer associated with pregnancy is rare case, but the most common cancer among the malignancy associated with pregnancy. The diagnosis and the symptoms are not different from the non-pregnancy case, but vaginal bleeding which is the main symptom of cervical cancer is often misconceived for usual complication of pregnancy, and could delay the diagnosis. Pregnancy provides ideal times for cervical cancer screening, since pelvic examination could be easily performed. So all pregnant patients should have a cytology at the initial antenatal visit. The treatment is not significantly different from the non-pregnancy, but when we determine the treatment plan, the start time of treatment is most important point and it was affected by the gestational age at diagnosis and strong desire of the patients. We report 3 cases of invasive cervical cancer associated with pregnancy since 1998, and we delayed the treatment until postpartum in 2 cases.
Diagnosis ; Gestational Age ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: The Bishop score and length of the uterine cervix are good predictors of successful labor induction. However, little is known about the association between the funneling of the uterine cervix and successful labor induction. The study aimed to evaluate cervical funneling as a predictor of successful labor induction. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective observational study. Subjects who delivered a baby by labor induction were enrolled in the study from July 2011 to August 2013. Cervical funneling and length were examined with transvaginal ultrasonography. The Bishop score was rated by digital pelvic examination. RESULTS: A total of 163 primigravida women were recruited for the study. Of these, 137 participants (84.0%) delivered vaginally by labor induction. Cervical funneling was observed in 93 women (57.1%). Successful labor induction was significantly higher in patients with cervical funneling than those without it (91.4% vs. 74.3%, P<0.01), and was significantly associated with cervical funneling, as well as the Bishop score and cervical length. In a multivariate analysis, cervical funneling was an independent predictor for successful vaginal delivery by labor induction ( odd ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 7.10; P=0.04). However, the Bishop score and cervical length had no association with successful vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: This study showed that cervical funneling could be a predictive marker for vaginal delivery during labor induction.
Cervix Uteri* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Observational Study ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The Bishop score and length of the uterine cervix are good predictors of successful labor induction. However, little is known about the association between the funneling of the uterine cervix and successful labor induction. The study aimed to evaluate cervical funneling as a predictor of successful labor induction. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective observational study. Subjects who delivered a baby by labor induction were enrolled in the study from July 2011 to August 2013. Cervical funneling and length were examined with transvaginal ultrasonography. The Bishop score was rated by digital pelvic examination. RESULTS: A total of 163 primigravida women were recruited for the study. Of these, 137 participants (84.0%) delivered vaginally by labor induction. Cervical funneling was observed in 93 women (57.1%). Successful labor induction was significantly higher in patients with cervical funneling than those without it (91.4% vs. 74.3%, P<0.01), and was significantly associated with cervical funneling, as well as the Bishop score and cervical length. In a multivariate analysis, cervical funneling was an independent predictor for successful vaginal delivery by labor induction ( odd ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 7.10; P=0.04). However, the Bishop score and cervical length had no association with successful vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: This study showed that cervical funneling could be a predictive marker for vaginal delivery during labor induction.
Cervix Uteri* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Observational Study ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the efficiency of routine performance of a batch of tests in the clinical staging work-up of cervical carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records were reviewed for 1,393 consecutive cervical carcinoma patients who underwent pretreatment staging work-up in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1997. The impression stage -which is designated ten tatively by the findings of pelvic examination and biopsy-, the results of staging work-up, and the finally allotted FIGO clinical stage were reviewed. The annual trend of stage distribution and the positive yields of tests were evaluated. RESULTS: Annual trend shows that Ia is increasing. The positive yield of chest x-ray was 0.22% (3/1, 379; Ib: 1, IIa: 1, IIb: 1), intravenous pyelography (IVP) 2.50% (31/1, 242; Ib: 2, IIa: 4, IIb: 17, IIIb: 8), cystoscopy 0.55% (6/1, 093; IIb: 4, IIIb: 2), and proctosigmoidoscopy 0.086% (1/1, 157; Ib: 1). After completing the staging work-up, 29 patients (2.08%) were upstaged. The routine performance of IVP in impression stage Ia and cystoscopy in impression stage IIa or less was considered inefficient. The routine performance of proctosigmoidoscopy was considered inefficient because of its very low yield. CONCLUSION: The selective performance of tests according to the impression stage during staging work-up is recommended to minimize the unnecessary treatment delay, cost, and patients' discomfort.
Cystoscopy ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Seoul ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Thorax ; Urography ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms