PURPOSE: In this study the effects of a Group Counseling Integration Program for students with a tendency to internet addiction were examined. METHODS: Thirty-seven students who were in a vocational high school in G city participated in a survey, which was carried out from October 12 to November 12, 2009. To test the effects of the Group Counseling Integration Program, the participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (18) and a control group (19). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-determination scale and an internet addiction scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in self-determination scores and internet addiction scores between the experimental group and the control group (F=5.99, p=.020) (t=-2.53, p=.016). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Group Counseling Integration Programs are an effective nursing intervention for improving self-determination and decreasing internet addiction in students with a tendency to internet addiction.
Adolescent ; *Behavior, Addictive ; *Counseling/standards ; Humans ; *Internet ; Personal Autonomy ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Students/*psychology

PURPOSE: In this study the effects of an interpersonal relationship improvement program using MBTI on self-esteem, interpersonal relations, and mental health of company employees were examined. METHODS: Forty-three company employees in G City participated in a survey, which was carried out from September 18 to October 30, 2009. To test the effects of the interpersonal relationship improvement program using MBTI, the company employees were divided into two groups, an experimental group (20) and a control group (23). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-esteem scale and an interpersonal relations scale, and a mental health scale. x2 test and t-test were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in self-esteem scores, interpersonal relations scores, and in scores for obsessive compulsiveness in mental health between the experimental group and the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the interpersonal relationship improvement program using MBTI is a useful nursing intervention for improving the self-esteem and interpersonal relations and decreasing obsessive-compulsiveness in the mental health of company employees.
Interpersonal Relations* ; Mental Health* ; Nursing ; Research Design ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate effects of a stim-up matt walking exercise program on balance and gait of the frail elderly. METHODS: A total of 37 elderly people recruited from S city were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=22) and control group (n=15). The stim-up matt walking exercise program was offered twice a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: The dynamic balance ability Timed Up and Go test of the experimental group was significantly faster than that of the control group (t=21.72, p<.001). The static balance ability open-eye standing test (t=44.15, p<.001) and close-eye standing test (t=9.01, p=.005) also showed increase in effects of the experimental group. In the walking ability, gait cycle (t=2.48, p=.018), cadence (t=−2.21, p=.034) and gait speed (t=−2.78, p=.009), positive effects were on. However, no statistically significant differences were found in stride length and double support. At the ankle joint range left ankle plantar flexion (t=3.92, p<.001) and left ankle dorsal flexion (t=4.51, p<.001) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and also right ankle plantar flexion (t=2.79, p=.008) and right ankle dorsal flexion (t=2.92, p=.006) increased in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The significance of this study is that the stim-up matt walking exercise program for the frail elderly proves to be useful for improving balance and walking.
Aged ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Frail Elderly ; Gait ; Humans ; Joints ; Walking

PURPOSE: In this study the effects of a social skill training program on attention deficit hyperactivity, communication ability, and peer relations in children using a community child center were examined. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected from November 10 to December 15, 2009. To test the effects of the social skill training program, the children using a community child center were divided into two groups, an experimental group (21) and a control group (21). The outcomes were measured by the Korean ADHD Rating Scales (K-ARS), communication ability scales, and peer relations scales. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in attention deficit hyperactivity scores and peer relations scores between the experimental group and the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the social skill training program applied cognitive behavior therapy is a useful nursing intervention for decreasing the attention deficit hyperactivity and improving the peer relations of these children using a community child center.
Child* ; Cognitive Therapy ; Communication* ; Education* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify predictive factors influencing suicide probability in Korean adolescents. METHODS: Participants in the study were 575 adolescents from 17 schools with quota sampling by each region in D city. The data were collected from October to November, 2010 using self-report questionnaires about interpersonal relationships and suicide probability (SPS) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA with Scheffe of Post Hoc, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 16.0 program. RESULTS: Suicide probability showed a significantly negative correlation for interpersonal relations with parents, friends and teachers. Interpersonal relationship with parents (p<.001) explained 32% of suicide probability, compared to relationships with peers or teachers, which together was accounted for 46% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that interpersonal relationships with parents should be considered when adolescents suffer from suicidal thinking. Various effective strategies to improve relationships with parents are important to reduce suicide in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Friends ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suicide ; Thinking

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.