BACKGROUND: To compare the diagnostic value between Phalen's test and reverse Phalen's test using a morphological change of the median nerve and the carpal tunnel in diabetics and normal controls seen by high-resolution ultrasonography and to research on an ultrasonography as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test of the carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). METHODS: A cross-sectional area and a flattening ratio of the median nerve, and a cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel were measured in neutral, maximally flexed(Phalen's test), and maximally extended (reverse Phalen's test) positions in 59 wrists of 30 normal controls and 60 wrists of 30 diabetics. RESULTS: 1) In controls and diabetics, the mean cross-sectional area of median nerve at the hamatum were 8.8/10.2 mm2, 8.0/9.5 mm2, 8.3/9.4 mm2, the mean flattening ratio were 3.0/3.0 mm2, 2.4/2.0 mm2, 3.2/3.0 mm2, the mean cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel were 176.5/197.7 mm2, 157.9/187.0 mm2, 170.6/192.5 mm2 in neutral, maximal flexion and maximal extension. 2) In controls, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 3) In controls, the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was revealed significant change in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 4) In diabetics, the flattening ratio was significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01) with com- paring to neutral position. 5) In diabetics, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly increased in all positions(p<0.05), and the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was similar to controls. CONCLUSION: In diabetics, increased cross-sectional area of median nerve can be explained by swelling of median nerve, also increased cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel is can be said to have taken place by the decreasing of the useful space in between the median nerve and carpal tunnel, this show that the diabetics have the high risk of the CTS. Phalen's test reveals higher degree of irritation to median nerve, The high-resolution ultrasonography is suggested as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test for the CTS
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mass Screening ; Median Nerve* ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist*

From Nov. 1990 to Dec. 1994, authors have experienced 12 patients(13 eyes) diagnosed as posterior lens dislocation. The clinical results were evaluated in aspeets of sex and age distribution, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, operative method, postoperative complication. The average age of patients was 57.8 years old and average follow-up period was 11.5 months. Male were 58%. They have history of ocular trauma in all 13 eyes. Dislocated lens was removed by extraction with lens spoon or loop through corneoscleral incision in 3 eyes and pars planar vitrectomy followed by lens lift with needle and extraction through corneoscleral incision in 7 eyes or with perfluorocarbon liquid and extraction with spoon or loop in 3 eyes. The best corrected visual acuity was improved in 10 eyes and remained the same in 2 patient(3 eyes) who was visited our hospital more than 10 years after dislocation and associated with optic nerve atrophy, macular degeneration, bullous keratopathy. Postoperative complications included glaucoma, choroidal detachment, retinal detachment, persistent vitreous inflammation, vitreous hemorrhage, bullous keratopathy.
Age Distribution ; Atrophy ; Choroid ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lens Subluxation* ; Macular Degeneration ; Male ; Needles ; Optic Nerve ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The clinical results of 20 patients(20 eyes) who were operated due to perforated corneal laceration with traumatic cataract between March 5, 1991 and July 14, 1994 were analysed for the predictors of postoperative good visual outcome and compared simultaneous cataract surgery and implantation with secondary implantation. The most significant predictor of postoperative good visual outcome was the location of corneal laceration. Timing of lens implantation didn't influence significantly final visual acuity and postoperative inflammation. But postoperative complication were less frequent in patients where secondary IOL implantation was performed as opposed to those simultaneous IOL implantated.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lacerations* ; Postoperative Complications ; Visual Acuity

We report a case of 53-year-old woman with personification following right middle cerebral artery territory infarction. Although she knew that her paralyzed left limbs belonged to her, she behaved as if it is a separate person. Verbalization of hatred toward her left arm was frequently observed. She attributed her neurologic deficit to the left arm instead of herself, frequently complaining in a fashion that 'I(a person except for the left arm) am all right but he/she(left arm) is wrong'. This delusional beliefs were mainly confined to her paralysed left limb, and were accompanied by left spatial neglect, transient anosognosia for hemiplegia and right-left disorientation.
Agnosia ; Arm ; Delusions ; Extremities* ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Stroke*

Iron-induced oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathomechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies on the distribution of iron in the parkinsonian postmortem brain have demonstrated that iron deposition is selectively increased in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This study was done to examine the alteration of nigral iron and ferritin in an animal model of parkinsonism and to understand the role of disturbed iron metabolism as a cause of PD. Hemiparkinsonian model was made by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA into the SN of Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured the content and distribution of iron by Perls' staining, and ferritin by immunohistochemical method in the SN. The H & E. cresyl violet, and immunocytochemical stain for glial fibrillary acidic protein, tomato lectin, and cabonic anhydrase-II were done to characterize the exact cell types. Iron content was markedly increased in the hemiparkinsonian model of SNc, not reticulate where normally more iron is distributed. The increased ferritin immunoreactivity was located in the same iron rich area of SNc. The cells with increased iron and ferritin were mainly astrocytes and microglias. 6-OHDA injection into SN resulted in increased free iron and ferritin immunoreactivity, suggesting that iron is important participant in oxidative cell death in PD. We think that increased ferritin in 6 OHDA lesioned SN argues against the hypothesis that decreased ferritin is a prerequisite for the free radical mediated death of nigral neurons in this model.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Ferritins* ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Iron* ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Metabolism ; Microglia ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxidopamine* ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; Viola

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) is a 28-amino acid hormone with potent natriuretic effect and diuretic one. ANP wag originally thought to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume. However, recent studies have indicated that ANP has much wider physiologic roles, such as the regulation of mitoses, the secretion of thyroglobulin, the production of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous fluid formation. This peptide hag been detected in the anterior uvea, retina and corneal endothelium. It was reported that ANP decreased intraocular pressure and aqueous humor formation. However the distribution of ANP in the eye was not clearly confirmed. This study was carried out to localize the immunoreactive ANP in the rat eye. The distribution of alpha-ANP in the rat eye was studied by immunohistochemistry using a polychnal antibody against synthetic rat alpha-ANP. Immunoreactive ANP was localized intensely in the epithelium of the ciliary body. ANP immunoreactivity was also strong in the corneal endothelium, iris and in the anterior epithelium of the lens. The immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in the retina. These data clearly confirm that ANP is widerly distributed and that it takes part in diverse functions in the rat eye.
Animals ; Aqueous Humor ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Ciliary Body ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Epithelium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Mitosis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Nerve Fibers ; Rats* ; Retina ; Thyroglobulin ; Uvea

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

Glassy cell carcinoma is a histologic subtype of cervical cancer with distinct pathologic features and it has an aggressive biologic course. It was first described by Glucksmann and Cherry in 1956 as a poorly differentiated adenoquamous carcinoma and commented on its poor prognosis, unresponsiveness to traditional modes of therapy, and often associated with pregnancy. The characteristic histologic features are defined as follows: 1) cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm resembling ground glass, 2) a fairly distinct cell membrane that stains with eosin or PAS, 3) large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. We present two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix successfullyl treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hyterectorny, with a brief review of literatures.
Cell Membrane ; Cervix Uteri* ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Therapy* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Glass ; Hysterectomy* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Prunus ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Ideomotor apraxia is a gestural deficit which is not due to primary sensory or motor deficit, poor auditory comprehension or incooperation. Previous studies on apraxia in AD patients include advanced AD patients who exhibited marked impairment in auditory comprehension, This might have confounded the results of the studies. The purpose of this study is to observe the frequencies and patterns of gestural errors in the early stage of AD. METHOD: Eighteen patients with AD (M : F = 4 : 14, age 62.6 + 7.2) and eighteen age- and sex- matched controls participated in this research. Patients who scored below 80 % of Western Aphasia Battery comprehension subtest and showed marked cognitive impairments were excluded (MMSE; 19.9 + 4.4, CDR 1.1+/- 0.5). Gestures. In response to commands were videotaped and analyzed by 2 neurologists and 1 speech-language pathologist. Test items included 3 types of movements ; 10 limb intrasitive, 15 transitive, and 10 buccofacial. RESULTS: Limb transitive movements were the most affected while buccofacial was the least. The error patterns most frequently observed were body-part-as-objects (BPO, 20%), external configuration orientation (ECO, 16%), and movement error(M, 9%). In comparision, BPO, ECO, M errors in normal control were 2%, 3%, and 4% respectively. In addition, apraxia item, which are to detecting AD were identified. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the apraxia is commonly associated with AD even in the early stage of the disease and an accurate anaIysis of errors may contribute to establishing an early diagnosis of AD.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Aphasia ; Apraxia, Ideomotor* ; Apraxias ; Comprehension ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Gestures ; Humans

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic*