Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the current status of the biological nursing curriculum and faculties’ perceptions on biological nursing subjects in South Korea. Methods: Biological nursing subjects’ titles and credits were searched through the nursing schools’ website. Perceived adequacy of subjects’ title and credit in each biological nursing subject and the degree of perceived importance and satisfaction of learning contents by subjects were collected from 30 professors of biological nursing subjects. Results: Many schools still use the titles of medical subjects for those of biological nursing subjects. The perceived importance and satisfaction of genetics-related learning contents, “nursing case study” or “project team presentation,” were lower than other learning contents. Conclusion Standardization of biological nursing subjects’ titles and learning contents is needed.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the current status of the biological nursing curriculum and faculties’ perceptions on biological nursing subjects in South Korea. Methods: Biological nursing subjects’ titles and credits were searched through the nursing schools’ website. Perceived adequacy of subjects’ title and credit in each biological nursing subject and the degree of perceived importance and satisfaction of learning contents by subjects were collected from 30 professors of biological nursing subjects. Results: Many schools still use the titles of medical subjects for those of biological nursing subjects. The perceived importance and satisfaction of genetics-related learning contents, “nursing case study” or “project team presentation,” were lower than other learning contents. Conclusion Standardization of biological nursing subjects’ titles and learning contents is needed.

Following diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occulusion is probably the most common retinal vascular disorder. Author studied 47 cases of occlusion of the retinal vein in aspects of sex, age, laterality, change of visual acity, associated diseases and location of the affected vein. The results were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference in mobidity rate of retinal vein occlusion between male and female or right and left. 2.73% of BRVO affected superior temporal branch of retinal vein. 3. The incidence of BRVO is 2.2 times of that of CRVO. 4. The visual acuities of initial visit were below 0.1 in 73% of CRVO and 46% of BRVO. 5. 40% of CRVO retained or regained vision of 0.1 or better. 6. The most common associated disease was systemic hypertension.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Veins ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study examined the most effective exercise while performing shoulder abduction below ninety degrees. METHODS: Thirty two healthy individuals (17 males, 15 females) participated and performed four exercises, 1) Posterior fly, 2) Prone row, 3) Modified prone cobra, and 4) External rotation in the prone position. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the electrical activities for the lower, middle and upper fiber of trapezius and serratus anterior. RESULTS: A significant difference in the muscle activities of the upper/middle/lower trapezius and serratus anterior was observed among the three different positions in terms of the PF (posterior fly), PR (prone row), and MPC (modified prone cobra) (p<0.05). In post-hoc analysis, the activities of the lower and upper trapezius were significantly higher than those of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior (p<0.05). In addition, in ERP (external rotation in prone), there was a significant difference in each activity of the muscles. Post-hoc results indicated that the upper trapezius showed greater EMG activity than the other three muscles. CONCLUSION: External rotation in the prone position revealed the highest activation of the lower trapezius compared to upper trapezius muscle activity. This may be particularly useful in isolating the lower trapezius in cases where excessive scapular elevation is noted. Therefore, the most effective lower trapezius exercise should be performed below ninety degrees of shoulder abduction.
Adult ; Diptera ; Elapidae ; Electromyography ; Exercise ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Prone Position ; Shoulder ; Superficial Back Muscles

Impetigo herpetiformis (IH) is an extremely rare pustular dermatosis of pregnancy with typical onset during the second or third trimester of pregnancy and generally rapid resolution after delivery. Recurrent case of IH in subsequent pregnancy tend to earlier onset and greater severity. We report a 33-year-old pregnant woman, with a history of mild IH in the first pregnancy, who presented with generalized lesions at nearly 29 weeks' gestation. Her condition had become worse suddenly at 34 weeks' gestation. She developed fever, small for gestational age, and gait disturbance due to ache in both thighs. So we decided to terminate the pregnancy by repeat cesarean section. After delivery, her skin lesions had worsen rapidly in spite of treatment with corticosteroids. So she was treated with a large dose of acitretin. Three months after her delivery, her skin was returned to original state, except for residual pigmentation. In conclusion, our case indicates that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of sudden deterioration of the maternal lesions and fetal condition associated with IH.
Acitretin* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Fever ; Gait ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Impetigo* ; Pigmentation ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Thigh

OBJECTIVES: Limited research has investigated the specific needs of patients with cancer. This study was performed to explore patients needs and the related factors. METHODS: The data were collected by 1 National Cancer Center and 9 regional cancer centers in Korea. An interview survey was performed with using a structured questionnaire for the subjects(2661 patients who gave written informed consent to particiate) survey 4 months after diagnosis and review of medical records. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: When comparing the relating factors related with patient needs to the sociodemographic characteristics, the female group showed a higher level of recognition for physical symptoms, social support needs. The younger group showed a significantly higher level of recognition for health care staff, psychological problems, information and education, social support, hospital services needs. In addition, the higher educated group showed a higher level of recognition for health care staff, physical symptoms, social support needs. The higher income and office workers group showed a higher level of recognition for hospital services needs. When comparing the relating factors related with patient needs to the cancer, the breast cancer group showed a higher level of recognition for all needs excluding physical symptoms, accessibility and financial support needs. The combined radiotherapy with surgery and chemotherapy group showed a higher level of recognition for psychological problems, information and education, social support needs. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that needs on patient with cancer was significantly influenced by female, higher educagion, lower income, having religion, office worker, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, chemotherapy, and combined therapy.
Adult ; Female ; *Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/classification/psychology/*therapy ; Regression Analysis ; Republic of Korea

A 63-year-old woman developed left leg weakness, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and headache. Brain MRI showed a hypointense rim on the surfaces of the cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebral cortex indicating superficial siderosis. Further examination showed an intramedullary ependymoma at the level of T12-L2. We report a patient with a spinal cord ependymoma resulting in superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Ependymoma* ; Female ; Headache ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Siderosis* ; Spinal Cord*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out the association of nursing activity participation and clinical practice stress with career maturity during clinical practice among nursing college students. Methods: Participants of the study were 201 nursing college students located in nationwide regions. Data collection was performed between July 18 and August 8, 2019. Data analyses were performed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: The results of this study were as follows. We ran multiple regression analyses to see which critical factors influenced career maturity. The general characteristics significantly associated with career maturity were preference for clinical nursing, admission to nursing college due to belief, time off, and being satisfied with clinical practice. Regarding clinical practice stress, clinic environment, interpersonal relationship conflict, inappropriate role model and conflict with patients were significantly associated with career maturity. Conclusion This study suggested that, to improve nursing students’ career maturity, nursing colleges and training fields should collaboratively make an efforts to reduce students’ stress by building educational clinic environments including managing conflicts in interpersonal relationships among patients, caregivers, and medical and non-medical personnel, and improving inappropriate role models in nursing.

In a conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture method, cells are attached to the bottom of the culture dish and grow into a monolayer. These 2D culture methods are easy to handle, cost-effective, reproducible, and adaptable to growing many different types of cells. However, monolayer 2D cell culture conditions are far from those of natural tissue, indicating the need for a threedimensional (3D) culture system. Various methods, such as hanging drop, scaffolds, hydrogels, microfluid systems, and bioreactor systems, have been utilized for 3D cell culture. Recently, external physical stimulation-based 3D cell culture platforms, such as acoustic and magnetic forces, were introduced. Acoustic waves can establish acoustic radiation force, which can induce suspended objects to gather in the pressure node region and aggregate to form clusters. Magnetic targeting consists of two components, a magnetically responsive carrier and a magnetic field gradient source. In a magnetic-based 3D cell culture platform, cells are aggregated by changing the magnetic force. Magnetic fields can manipulate cells through two different methods: positive magnetophoresis and negative magnetophoresis. Positive magnetophoresis is a way of imparting magnetic properties to cells by labeling them with magnetic nanoparticles. Negative magnetophoresis is a label-free principle-based method. 3D cell structures, such as spheroids, 3D network structures, and cell sheets, have been successfully fabricated using this acoustic and magnetic stimuli-based 3D cell culture platform. Additionally, fabricated 3D cell structures showed enhanced cell behavior, such as differentiation potential and tissue regeneration. Therefore, physical stimuli-based 3D cell culture platforms could be promising tools for tissue engineering.