No abstract available.
Adult ; Hidradenitis ; Humans

Purpose: This study used a mixed methods research design in an attempt to verify the effects of robot-assisted rehabilitation on the gait ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia, and thereby further understand the benefits and challenges of stroke patients’ experiences relying on robot-assisted rehabilitation. Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed methods study design was used in order to combine both quantitative and qualitative data. For the quantitative data collection, a total of 30 stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited from one rehabilitation hospital. Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews using semi-structured questionnaires for a group of 15 patients who were currently undergoing robot-assisted rehabilitation. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: As a result of the quantitative analysis, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of daily living activity patterns, total number of steps, and average walking speed. As a result of the qualitative analysis, the four main themes derived consisted of, ‘curiosity about the usage of robot-assisted rehabilitation,’ ‘pleasure experienced while using the robots,’ ‘insufficient information about robots,’ and ‘a lack of education about robot-assisted rehabilitation.’ Conclusions Robot-assisted rehabilitation had a significant effect on the walking ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Additionally, stroke patients with hemiplegia experienced difficulty during the course of their robot-assisted rehabilitation, due to a lack of sufficient information on correct usage techniques. These quantitative and qualitative findings could provide the basic foundation for the development of an educational program on robot-assisted rehabilitation.

No abstract available.
Acupuncture ; Sarcoidosis

No abstract available.
Female ; Lymphoma* ; Ovary*

No abstract available.
Child ; Forehead ; Humans ; Male ; Syringoma

An 80-year-old woman presented with a yellowish to erythematous plaque that persisted on her left temple for several years. Histopathologic examination revealed a large area of atypical squamous cell infiltration into the epidermis and dermis and a small area of neoplastic basaloid and clear cell proliferation with nuclear atypia in the central portion of the lesion. Immunohistochemical staining was positive and negative for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin 7, respectively, in both the squamous cell and central clear cell infiltration areas. The patient was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma associated with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and underwent surgical excision. There have been several reports of sebaceous carcinoma with coinciding tumors in the same lesion, including nevus sebaceous and actinic keratosis. Here, we report a case of sebaceous carcinoma with coexisting squamous cell carcinoma in situ in a patient with a previous history of actinic keratosis in the temple area.

Background: Vulvar dermatoses are common, but numerous obstacles impede their adequate clinical investigation. Many outpatient patients with vulvar dermatoses had inappropriate behavioral habits to manage their diseases. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the clinical aspects of vulvar dermatoses and to evaluate the proper management for vulvar eczema and pruritus vulvae. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records from female patients presenting with vulvar dermatoses in a tertiary hospital and analyzed the age, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and further evaluated treatment and clinical course of vulvar eczema and pruritus vulvae. Results: A total of 163 patients were reviewed in this study. The most frequent type of skin manifestation was macule/patch, with itching as the most common symptom. Lichen simplex chronicus (35, 21.5%) was the most common dermatosis, followed by lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (21, 12.9%) and Behcet’s disease (18, 11.0%). In addition, 57 patients (35.0%) suffered from acute/chronic vulvar eczema or pruritus vulvae and over half of them had been misdiagnosed as fungal infection or had mistreated themselves with multiple self-products. These patients mostly showed good response to hygiene management plus low potency topical corticosteroids. Conclusion In this study, we identified clinically common vulvar dermatoses in a cohort of women visiting our dermatology clinic. We found that patients with vulvar eczema or pruritus vulvae suffered from misdiagnosis and inappropriate self-management sustained patients’ problems. They could be effectively controlled by education of hygiene management with/without steroids. Further prospective investigation with a larger group of patients would provide better understanding of the characteristics of vulvar dermatoses.

Background: The skin barrier is made of the outermost layers of skin and is responsible for preventing cutaneous water loss. Skin barrier function is easily affected by external environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, especially in areas with four distinct seasons, such as Busan, Korea. Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the seasonal variation in skin barrier function on the face and to determine whether it is affected by thermo-hygrostat conditioning. Methods: Ten healthy female volunteers aged 28 to 34 years were enrolled in this study. Each subject was put into a thermo-hygrostat–controlled room maintained at a temperature of 22.4°C to 23.8°C with a relative humidity of 50.2% to 52.0%. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were measured before and after a 20-minute session in the room. Measurements were taken once in the middle of each season. Results: Regardless of thermo-hygrostat conditioning, TEWL and SCH values changed significantly between all four seasons (both p＜0.001). With thermo-hygrostat conditioning, 1 of 6 ΔTEWL and 4 of 6 ΔSCH values showed significant seasonal differences in post-hoc analysis. Difference of TEWL and SCH obtained before and after thermo-hygrostat conditioning was significant only in summer (TEWL, p=0.009; SCH, p=0.002). Conclusion Skin barrier function differed significantly between seasons, regardless of thermo-hygrostat conditioning. Thermo-hygrostat conditioning significantly affected TEWL and SCH only during summer. However, with Busan’s excessively humid summer, even a short period of thermo-hygrostat conditioning could increase the precision of skin barrier function measurement.

Background: The skin barrier is made of the outermost layers of skin and is responsible for preventing cutaneous water loss. Skin barrier function is easily affected by external environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, especially in areas with four distinct seasons, such as Busan, Korea. Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the seasonal variation in skin barrier function on the face and to determine whether it is affected by thermo-hygrostat conditioning. Methods: Ten healthy female volunteers aged 28 to 34 years were enrolled in this study. Each subject was put into a thermo-hygrostat–controlled room maintained at a temperature of 22.4°C to 23.8°C with a relative humidity of 50.2% to 52.0%. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were measured before and after a 20-minute session in the room. Measurements were taken once in the middle of each season. Results: Regardless of thermo-hygrostat conditioning, TEWL and SCH values changed significantly between all four seasons (both p＜0.001). With thermo-hygrostat conditioning, 1 of 6 ΔTEWL and 4 of 6 ΔSCH values showed significant seasonal differences in post-hoc analysis. Difference of TEWL and SCH obtained before and after thermo-hygrostat conditioning was significant only in summer (TEWL, p=0.009; SCH, p=0.002). Conclusion Skin barrier function differed significantly between seasons, regardless of thermo-hygrostat conditioning. Thermo-hygrostat conditioning significantly affected TEWL and SCH only during summer. However, with Busan’s excessively humid summer, even a short period of thermo-hygrostat conditioning could increase the precision of skin barrier function measurement.

Radiographic research was performed to know the frequency of two-phalanged fifth toe and its relation to presence of the ossification centers in normal Korean children. Previous study showed more than 74% of the incidence in adulthood and less than 30% in childhood. Fifty children (33 male and 17 female, aged 2 to 15; mean age 9.6) were studied by plain foot radiographs focused on the fifth toe. In the 3~8 yr old 20 subjects, secondary ossification center of distal phalangeal bone was seen as a ossicle (small bone) placed at proximal to the distal phalanx. Secondary ossification center of middle phalangeal bone and the bony shaft of the phalanx was hard to distinguish. So keeping up the objectivity, regardless of distinguishable ossification center or the bony shaft of phalanges, ossicles seen on the 5th toe was counted to classify the presumptive type of the toe. Epiphyseal ossification center of proximal phalanx was excluded from the count. There were three types of the fifth toe which has 2 ossicles to 4 ossicles. Overall incidence of the type of 2 ossicles was 24% (12/50). Above 12 yr old group the incidence was 61% (11/18), and above 13 yr old group the incidence was 75% (9/12). The incidence of biphalangism came closer to the adult's after late childhood. This finding represent that progress of biphalangealization completed after late childhood. It seems that the progress starts earlier than 3 yr old. We made the hypothesis by the incidence of 30% (6/20) of the type which has 4 ossicles on the fifth toe at 3~8 yr old group. Four ossicles might be a secondary ossification center of distal phalanx and the bony shaft of distal, middle and proximal phalanx. They might form a distal interphalageal joint and the triphalangeal toe. To know more about the morphogenesis of biphalalngeal 5th toe, further progressive study in childhood is needed.
Child* ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Toes*