No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Tetanus*

Clinodactyly, as rare congenital malformation, refers to a curvature of a digit in a radial or ulnar direction in the coronal plane. The abnormality is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. And its frequency was low, however, it was higher by accompanying other congenital anomaly. In present study, the frequency and genetic characteristics of clinodactyly were investigated. In 100 family (382 peoples), clinodactyly was found in 4.7% (n=18). All clinodactyly were bilateral and it was more frequent in female (6.8%) than male (2.6%), without statistical difference (p=0.056). Its inheritance was autosomal dominant trait in 80% (4/5) families, however, one family did not have any inheritance pattern. We described the frequency and clinical implication of clinodactyly, and this description will be lead to an improved understanding of its spectrum and inheritance.
Female ; Hand Deformities ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Wills

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify relationships among knowledge and attitudes of unmarried mothers toward emergency contraceptive pills. METHODS: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 135 unmarried mothers enrolled in 7 single mothers' facilities nationwide. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: For knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences among who live with her before pregnancy, experience of past pregnancies, state of present pregnancy and preparation in using contraceptives. For attitude toward emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences according to age, education level and religion. There were significant positive relationships between knowledge and attitudes toward emergency contraceptive pills. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that unmarried women should be better informed about emergency contraceptive pills, and reassured about their safety. Efforts are needed to disseminate up-to-date information to experts in sex education including nurses.
Contraception ; Contraceptive Agents ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Education ; Single Person

Uterine leiomyoma is a very common gynecological tumor in the reproductive years. Recent studies have shown that surgical treatment of uterine leiomyoma using robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) is associated with significantly fewer complications, lower estimated blood loss, fewer conversions, and less bleeding than conventional laparoscopic myomectomy. This study reports the case of a giant uterine leiomyoma treated using RALM. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic with progressive abdominal distension. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and showed a markedly enlarged uterus containing a 28-cm uterine myoma. RALM confirmed the 28-cm subserosal myoma on the posterior wall of the uterus. The myoma was enucleated, and the myometrial and serosal defect was repaired with a continuous suture using barbed suture materials. The entire myoma was removed using an electric morcellator. The operation lasted for 190 minutes. The total weight of the removed myoma was 3,262 g, and uterine leiomyoma was pathologically diagnosed. There were no postoperative complications. Although the treatment of huge myomas using RALM is controversial and technically demanding, we successfully performed RALM in a patient with a large myoma. This case confirms the efficiency, reliability, and safety of a robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach for removing a huge myoma. In a well-selected case, RALM can be performed by experienced surgeons regardless of the size of fibroids.

Uterine leiomyoma is a very common gynecological tumor in the reproductive years. Recent studies have shown that surgical treatment of uterine leiomyoma using robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) is associated with significantly fewer complications, lower estimated blood loss, fewer conversions, and less bleeding than conventional laparoscopic myomectomy. This study reports the case of a giant uterine leiomyoma treated using RALM. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic with progressive abdominal distension. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and showed a markedly enlarged uterus containing a 28-cm uterine myoma. RALM confirmed the 28-cm subserosal myoma on the posterior wall of the uterus. The myoma was enucleated, and the myometrial and serosal defect was repaired with a continuous suture using barbed suture materials. The entire myoma was removed using an electric morcellator. The operation lasted for 190 minutes. The total weight of the removed myoma was 3,262 g, and uterine leiomyoma was pathologically diagnosed. There were no postoperative complications. Although the treatment of huge myomas using RALM is controversial and technically demanding, we successfully performed RALM in a patient with a large myoma. This case confirms the efficiency, reliability, and safety of a robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach for removing a huge myoma. In a well-selected case, RALM can be performed by experienced surgeons regardless of the size of fibroids.

Recent evidence shows that transcriptional silencing as a consequence of hypermethylation of CpG islands is an important mechanism in the inactivation of p16INK4 tumor suppressor gene. This study is designed to clarify the significance of p16INK4 hypermethylation in 23 cases of glioblastomas (GBMs) by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunostaining. Fourteen cases (60.9%) out of 23 GBMs revealed hypermethylation on p16. p16 immunostaining revealed that 13 (93%) of these 14 hypermethylation cases showed complete loss of immunoreactivity and only one (7%) case retained immunoreactivity. Among 9 methylation-negative cases, 4 were immunonegative, which might be related to mutations or deletions other than hypermethylation. The most significant finding was that of 17 cases with immunonegativity, 13 cases (76.5%) showed hypermethylation. We reconfirmed that p16 hypermethylation may be one of the major mechanisms of tumorigenesis of GBMs and the results between the methylation specific-PCR study and p16 immunostaining had a good correlation.
5' Untranslated Regions/metabolism* ; 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Adult ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics* ; Brain Neoplasms/chemistry ; CpG Islands/physiology* ; DNA Methylation* ; Female ; Gene Silencing/physiology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Glioblastoma/genetics* ; Glioblastoma/chemistry ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein p16/genetics* ; Protein p16/analysis

BACKGROUND: With the development of bioengineering techniques for noninvasive characterization of skin pathophysiology, the induction of irritant dermatitis by surfactants has been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to compare the skin responses in terms of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a well-known non-corrosive irritant, in comparison with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a representative corrosive irritant. METHOD: We applied 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2% solutions of BAC and SLS on volar forearm skin for 24 hours using a large Finn chamber with filter paper disc on 19 normal healthy subjects. TEWL and erythema index (E-index) were measured prior to testing, then at 30 minutes, one day, two days, three days, one week, and two weeks after the removal of the patches. RESULTS: TEWL values of BAC and SLS patch areas increased with concentration. However, BAC induced a significantly lower TEWL increase than SLS did at the corresponding concentrations. TEWL induced by BAC was highest at 30 minutes after the removal of the patch, whereas TEWL induced by SLS was highest at one day. TEWL values had recovered with the passage of time to baseline values at 2 weeks after removal of the patch at lower concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5%) of SLS, but still showed significantly high TEWL values at 1% and 2% concentration SLS patch areas. TEWL values of BAC in 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1% concentrations had recovered to the baseline values at 2 weeks after the removal of the patch, but not in 2% concentration BAC patch areas. E-indices of BAC and SLS increased with concentration in a similar reaction pattern. E-index induced by BAC was highest at 30 minutes after the removal of the patch, and E-index induced by SLS was highest at 30 minutes or 1 day after the removal of the patch. E-index of each concentration, except 2%, had recovered with the passage of time to baseline values on both BAC and SLS patch areas at 2 weeks, but E-indices of both 2% BAC and SLS did not recover at 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Benzalkonium chloride showed much less damage to the skin barrier function compared to the corresponding concentration of SLS, whilst they showed a similar degree of erythema. Skin barrier function affected by the corrosive irritant SLS would need a more prolonged recovery time than skin barrier disruption by non-corrosive irritant BAC.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Bioengineering ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; Erythema ; Forearm ; Skin* ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate* ; Sodium* ; Surface-Active Agents

BACKGROUND: Although there are controversies regarding the benefit of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), the pathologic features affecting postchemotherapeutic prognosis in these patients have not been fully identified yet. METHODS: A total of 26 histopathologic and immunohistochemical factors were comprehensively evaluated in 125 stage II or III MSI-H CRC patients who underwent curative resection followed by fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. We statistically analyzed the associations of these factors with disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Using a Kaplan- Meier analysis with log-rank test, we determined that ulceroinfiltrative gross type (p=.003), pT4 (p<.001), pN2 (p=.002), perineural invasion (p=.001), absence of peritumoral lymphoid reaction (p=.041), signet ring cell component (p=.006), and cribriform comedo component (p=.004) were significantly associated with worse DFS in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (n=45). By contrast, pT4 (p<.001) and tumor budding-positivity (p=.032) were significant predictors of poor survival in patients receiving non-oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (n=80). In Cox proportional hazards regression model-based univariate and multivariate analyses, pT category (pT1-3 vs pT4) was the only significant prognostic factor in patients receiving non-oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas pT category, signet ring cell histology and cribriform comedo histology remained independent prognostic factors in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: pT4 status is the most significant pathologic determinant of poor outcome after fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II/III MSI-H CRC.
Cellular Structures ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pathology ; Prognosis*

BACKGROUND: There is a recent trend of increased use of the gel test for the detection of unexpected antibodies (Abs) because of its simplicity and ease with which definitive interpretation can be made. However, because of the low insurance payments in Korea, only the LISS/Coombs card is used and thus the detection rate of the cold Abs has decreased. We have studied the detection rates of the Abs in patients by using the LISS/Coombs gel test and thus evaluated the clinical usefulness of the LISS/Coombs gel test. METHODS: Abs screening tests have been carried out using the DiaMed(TM) LISS/Coombs gel card test (Murten, Switzerland) on 14,942 patients for whom blood transfusions were ordered between July 1, 1997 and March 31, 2001. When the test for Abs was positive, Ab identification tests were further carried out with the DiaMed(TM) LISS/Coombs gel card and the ID-DiaPanel 1-11. RESULTS: Eighty-one out of 14,942 patients (0.54%) revealed positive results. Of these, 15 showed anti-E, 5 showed anti-E+c, 4 showed anti-C, 3 showed anti-D, 2 showed anti-Jk(a), 1 each showed anti-c, anti-M, anti-Lu(a), and anti-K Abs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the detection rate for the cold Abs of the LISS/Coombs gel test was low, it is considered to be highly useful because of the high detection rate for the clinically important warm Abs, the simplicity in carrying out the test, and the easy readability of test results.
Antibodies ; Blood Transfusion ; Comprehension ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Mass Screening