Good compliance of patching therapy is essential to improve visual acuity in amblyopia. The author investigated the compliance and effective method of occlusion therapy for amblyopia by questionair given to the patients and their parents. For better compliance and the duration of patching and the best time for its performance should be controlled according to patients' character and age. It was shown that the younger the age, the better the compliance of patching therapy. It was important that early diagnosis for amblyopia made and early treatment should be initiated before 6 years of age, beeause the compliance of patching therapy was much decreased in patients above six years of age. Physicians should ensure full understanding of amblyopia in patients and their parents, especially mothers, before patching therapy begins. Continued and steady patching could considerably improve visual acuity in ehildren older than eight years of age.
Amblyopia* ; Compliance* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Visual Acuity

It is reported that the recurrence rate in intermittent exotropia is 20-50%. In this study, we evaluated whether the recurrence is reduced with asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral recti(LROU) in intermittent exotropia.Twenty-nine patients underwent the asymmetric LROU recession for intermittent exotropia with follow-up of 6-54 months. The amount of recession of lateral rectus muscle in deviating eye was 2mm more than in the fixating eye. Immediate postoperative overcorrection, the rate of orthophotia, and the occurrence of consecutive esotropia(ET) were analysed.The mean amount of immediate postoperative esodeviation was 16.5+/-7.4PD(0-34PD); four patients showed 0-4PD, 18 patients 11-20PD, and 7 patients showed considerable amount of ET as high as 21-30PD. Consecutive EToccurred in 6.8% of patients despite large amounts of postoeprative ET. The outcome of orthophoria was favorable, in 93.1% of patients in follow up of 6 months, 85.1% in 12 months and 78.5% in 24 months.This study suggests that asymmetric LROU recession is an effective procedure for the correction of intermittent exotropia.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of conventional LASIK versus wavefront-guided LASIK using the Zyoptix system. METHODS: This prospective study included 54 eyes of 27 patients in the Konyang University Hospital between January and December 2004. The treated eyes were Divided into two groups: group 1 (conventional LASIK) and group 2 (wavefront-guided LASIK). Corneal topography with Orbscan IIz, wavefront analysis with the Zywave aberrometer, UCVA, BCVA, slit lamp examination and corneal keratometry were performed preoperatively. All outcome measures assessed at 1 Day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There was no Difference in the refractive outcome between the two groups. High order aberration was increased in both groups, but more increased in the conventional LASIK group. Wavefront LASIK was more effective in patients with high preoperative high order aberration, high spherical equivalent and large optical zone Diameter. The mesoptic contrast sensitivity test showed a larger Decrease in the conventional LASIK group than in the wavefront-guided LASIK group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The wavefront-guided LASIK group showed a smaller increase in high order aberration and a smaller reduction of mesoptic contrast sensitivity compared with the conventional LASIK group in patients with high preoperative high order aberration, high spherical equivalent and large optical zone Diameter.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Corneal Topography ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies

The principal aim of this study was to determine the effects of antipsychotics (haloperidol, sulpiride, and clozapine) on regulating dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor mRNA levels in the rat caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and olfactory tubercle (OTu). Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were treated with haloperidol (1mg/mL), sulpiride (40 mg/mL), clozapine (20 mg/mL), and the control group received only water. Drugs were administered orally for 4 weeks. Antipsychotic drugs had differential effects on DA D1 and D2 receptor gene expression. Haloperidol and sulpiride induced an increase of DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNA levels in the rat CPu, OTu, and NAc; haloperidol caused a greater increase than sulpiride. However, clozapine treatment had less effect on DA receptor mRNAs levels in the same area. Antipsychotic drugs differentially upregulated the expression of DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the rat brain. These changes may be related, at least in part, to changes of DA concentration following antipsychotics treatment.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents* ; Brain* ; Clozapine ; Dopamine* ; Gene Expression ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Olfactory Pathways ; Putamen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Dopamine ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sulpiride ; Water