BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences from experimental studies indicate that apoptosis may be inversely related to angiogenesis in tumor progression. MATERIAL AND METHOD: To explore how apoptosis correlates with tumor angiogenesis, we measured the apoptotic index(AI) using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase method(Apop Tag In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit, ONCOR) and the intratumoral microvessel density using the anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody in non-small cell lung cancer. RESULT: Statistical analysis revealed an inverse correlation between AIs and intratumoral microvessel densities in squamous cell lung carcinoma(Spearman rank correlation coefficient r=- 0.229, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the amount of apoptosis in squamous cell lung carcinoma may be influenced by the extent of neovascularization. This suggests that tumor angiogenesis may contribute to a reduction of apoptosis in tumor cells.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Microvessels*

Dental Implants have been proved to be successful prosthetic modality in edentulous patients for 10 years. However, there are few reports on the survival of implant according to location in molar regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 4~5 years' cumulative survival rate and the cause of failure of dental implants in different locations for maxillary and mandibular molars. Among the implants placed in molar regions in Gwangju Mir Dental Hospital from Jan. 2001 to Jun. 2002, 473 implants from 166 patients(age range; 26~75) were followed and evaluated retrospectively for the causes of failure. We included 417 implants in 126 periodontally compromised patients, 56 implants in 40 periodontal healthy patients, and 205 maxillary and 268 mandibular molar implants. Implant survival rates by various subject factors, surgical factors, fixture factors, and prosthetic factors at each location were compared using Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival analysis was done for follow-up(FU) periods. The overall failure rate at 5 years was 10.2%(subject level) and 5.5%(implant level). The overall survival rates of implants during the FU periods were 94.5% with 91.3% in maxillary first molar, 91.1% in maxillary second molar, 99.2% in mandibular first molar and 94.8% in mandibular second molar regions. The survival rates differed significantly between both jaws and among different implant locations(p<0.05), whereas the survival rates of functionally loaded implants were similar in different locations. The survival rates were not different according to gender, age, previous periodontal status, surgery stage, bone graft type, or the prosthetic type. The overall survival rate was low in dental implant of too wide diameter(> or =5.75 mm) and the survival rate was significantly lower for wider implant diameter(p<0.01) in mandibular second molar region. Among 5 surface types(acid etched, SLA, TPS, RBM, and HA), the survival rate of SLA type implant was the highest during the FU periods and the failure rates of HA type implants was significantly high following functional loading. Among 26 failed implants, 20 resulted in early failure of osseointegration or infection prior to functional loading, and 6 were removed because of progressive bone loss or implant fracture. In conclusion, implant survival rates were different in different locations on the posterior jaws, and the fixture diameter and surface type were the significant factor for implant survival in mandibular 2nd molar region. This observation suggests that implant treatment planning might require region-specific manner.
Dental Implants* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar* ; Osseointegration ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis* ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis*

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been one of the mainstay in breast cancer treatment. The effects of high dose 5-FU on cell cycle regulation were studied in breast caner cells. METHODS: A breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used. Protein expressions of G1/S cyclins, p21(Waf1/Cip1), cdk2, E2F1 and retinoblastoma were tested by western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation and immune complex kinase assay were done for the assessment of E2F1/RB interacton and the activity of cdk2 respectively. RESULTS: p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression was barely detectable in control cells. With addition of 5-FU level of p21(Waf1/Cip1) were induced and cyclin D3 level was decreased as cell growth decreases. In accordance with increased expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1), cyclin E-associated cdk2 kinase activity was reduced. Retinoblastoma protein (RB) became dephosphorylated and E2F-1 binding activity with RB was increased. CONCLUSION: In this situation of high concentration of 5-FU breast cancer cells tend to be G1/S cell cycle arrested. Overexpression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and dephosphorylation of RB may mediate the effectss of 5-FU by inhibiting E2F-1 activity, which contributes to G1/S cell cycle arrest. These results could be an indicating landmark for further study of high dose chemotherapy with 5-FU.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line* ; Cyclin D3 ; Cyclins ; Drug Therapy ; Fluorouracil* ; Immunoprecipitation ; Phosphotransferases ; Retinoblastoma ; Retinoblastoma Protein

No abstract available.
Myxoma* ; Perineum*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore clinical factors or high-risk factors associated with occurrence of delirium tremens (DT) during acute alcohol withdrawal in inpatients with alcohol dependence. METHODS: This study included 164 inpatients seeking treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal in the detoxification unit. All subjects were evaluated prospectively for known risk factors for DT and their occurrence of DT. Correlations were determined between risk factors obtained at admission and development of DT. RESULTS: Among all subjects, 42 patients (25.6%) suffered from delirium tremens within seven days after admission. DT patients had more severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms, the presence of past DT, and higher levels of aspartate aminotransferas, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, and homocysteine, compared with patients who did not suffer DTs. According to results of a multiple regression, occurrence of DT showed correlation with the following factors at admission: tremor, a past history of DT, higher homocysteine level, and nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: Development of DT showed correlation with symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal, past history of DT, and higher homocysteine level. Among these, a severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms and a history of DT are factors that can be easily evaluated on the day of admission in order to predict the potential for occurrence of DT.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium ; Alcoholism ; Aspartic Acid ; Delirium ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Nausea ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Tremor

BACKGROUND: Lesch types 2 (L2, anxiety model) and 3 (L3, depressive model) of alcoholism exhibit different responses to anti-craving agents, and most treatment guidelines provide differential treatment strategies for bipolar depression (DEP) and unipolar DEP. We compare the psychological characteristics of L2 and L3 alcoholism and between the unipolar and bipolar subgroups.METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients who were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder using the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and classified as L2 and L3 using Lesch Alcohol typology software. All patients completed self-report scales (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II], and Korean Symptom Checklist-95 [KSCL95]). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, and ANOVA.RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 23 were assigned L2, and 20 were assigned L3. The scores for the KSCL95 subscales fell generally in the increasing order of the L2-unipolar (L2U, n=10), L2-bipolar (L2B, n=13), L3-unipolar (L3U, n=11), and L3-bipolar (L3B, n=9) types. The L3B scores were greater than the L3U scores for most KSCL95 subscales, by contrast with the DEP and BAI scores.CONCLUSION: We found psychological differences between L2 and L3 and identified the unique psychological characteristics for each subgroup by polarity. The psychological characteristics of these subgroups of alcohol use disorder may help improve the treatment success rates through individualized treatment strategies.
Alcoholism ; Anxiety ; Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Granisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was reported as a highly effective antiemetics, especially in combination with dexamethasone, in the prevention of acute emesis induced by cisplatin. But there is lack of data about effectiveness in the prevention of delayed emesis. In this study, the efficacy of granisetron plus dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed emesis induced by cisplatin was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients who were to receive high-dose cisplatin containing chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this study. They were received 20 mg of dexamethasone and 3 mg of granisetron at 30 min and 10 minutes prior to cisplatin infusion, respectively. They were monitored for 5 days, first 24 hours for acute nausea/ vomiting and the subsequent 4 days for delayed nausea/vomiting. Antiemetic effect of granisetron was evaluated according to the criteria of Italian Group of Antiemetic Research. RESULTS: Control of delayed nausea and vomiting was achieved in 58% and 84%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was a statistically significant prognostic factor for control of acute vomiting and delayed nausea/vomiting. There were no stastically significant differences between control of delayed nausea/ vomiting and other prognostic factors, including sex, age, and prior history of cisplatin therapy. The antiemetic effect was greater in the patients who had controled acute nausea/ vomiting than those who had not. CONCLUSION: Granisetron plus dexamethasone is an excellent regimen in the control of not only acute emesis but also delayed emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.
Antiemetics ; Cisplatin ; Dexamethasone* ; Drug Therapy ; Granisetron* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 ; Serotonin ; Vomiting*

This paper describes a student-centered case study program concerning the tumor pathology course for first year students in medical school under the traditional curricular structure. A traditional, discipline-oriented, lecture-laboratory approach was partly modified by introducing a tutuorial session using a modified case matrix format during the laboratory hours without altering the general scheme of the existing system. Small group tutorial sessions were set with the development of learning objectives emphasizing clinicopathologic reasoning and early exposure to future practical presentation which was followed by the large class session; each tutorial was supplied with a short clinical history, gross kodachrome slides, and microslides. The session for problem identification was replaced by proving a series of instructor-designed questions for both pathology and interdisciplinary correlation during which pedagogical implication was stressed the most. Student's active participation, development of self learning skill and vigorous teaching-learning process among students, and motivation/relevance for forthcoming pathology study were among the benefits conferred by this modification. We conclude that this approach is an interim step to meet the advantages of problem-based learning even in a traditional curricular structure.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.
Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Erythrocytes ; Gene Expression* ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Glutathione Transferase ; Hand ; Incidence ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schisandra* ; tert-Butylhydroperoxide