Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are widely recognized as significant risk factors affecting the reproductive health of women. The underlying mechanisms impacting fertility may vary, potentially leading to divergent outcomes. We aimed to examine and contrast the prevalence patterns of diseases coexisting with PCOS and endometriosis, using a large-scale nationwide insurance claims data from Asian women of reproductive age. Methods: We analyzed health insurance and examination data of 157,662 Korean women aged 15–45 years, drawn from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes were mapped to phenome-wide association study codes (phecodes). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the comorbidity patterns among patients diagnosed with PCOS and endometriosis and healthy control groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that PCOS was correlated with a wider range of metabolic disorders and symptoms, such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, various gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and an array of pregnancy-related complications. Conversely, endometriosis was more prevalent among benign neoplasms of female reproductive and digestive organs, endometrial hyperplasia, and angina pectoris. Notably, infertility and glaucoma demonstrated significant associations with both conditions. Furthermore, a comparison of symptom-related codes in women with endometriosis revealed a predominance of painrelated symptoms, whereas those with PCOS exhibited a broader spectrum, encompassing pain, pruritus, GI problems, cough, fever, menstrual cycle disorders, edema, and dizziness. Conclusion PCOS and endometriosis, which are prevalent gynecological disorders affecting similar age groups of women, rarely co-occur and exhibit unique comorbidity profiles.Tailored healthcare strategies that take into account these distinct patterns have the potential to enhance long-term healthcare outcomes of affected patients. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and contrasting comorbidity profiles between PCOS and endometriosis.

Sumoylation, the conjugation of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein to a target, has diverse cellular effects. However, the functional roles of the SUMO modification during myogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that basal sumoylation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) enhances the deacetylation of MyoD in undifferentiated myoblasts, whereas further sumoylation of HDAC1 contributes to switching its binding partners from MyoD to Rb to induce myocyte differentiation. Differentiation in C2C12 skeletal myoblasts induced new immunoblot bands above HDAC1 that were gradually enhanced during differentiation. Using SUMO inhibitors and sumoylation assays, we showed that the upper band was caused by sumoylation of HDAC1 during differentiation. Basal deacetylase activity was not altered in the SUMO modification-resistant mutant HDAC1 K444/476R (HDAC1 2R). Either differentiation or transfection of SUMO1 increased HDAC1 activity that was attenuated in HDAC1 2R. Furthermore, HDAC1 2R failed to deacetylate MyoD. Binding of HDAC1 to MyoD was attenuated by K444/476R. Binding of HDAC1 to MyoD was gradually reduced after 2 days of differentiation. Transfection of SUMO1 induced dissociation of HDAC1 from MyoD but potentiated its binding to Rb. SUMO1 transfection further attenuated HDAC1-induced inhibition of muscle creatine kinase luciferase activity that was reversed in HDAC1 2R. HDAC1 2R failed to inhibit myogenesis and muscle gene expression. In conclusion, HDAC1 sumoylation plays a dual role in MyoD signaling: enhancement of HDAC1 deacetylation of MyoD in the basally sumoylated state of undifferentiated myoblasts and dissociation of HDAC1 from MyoD during myogenesis.
Creatine Kinase, MM Form ; Gene Expression ; Histone Deacetylase 1 ; Histone Deacetylases ; Histones ; Luciferases ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle Development ; Myoblasts ; Myoblasts, Skeletal ; Sumoylation ; Transfection

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have ability to differentiate into multi-lineage cells, which confer a great promise for regenerative medicine to the cells. The aim of this study was to establish a method for isolation and characterization of adipose tissue-derived MSC (pAD-MSC) and bone marrow-derived MSC (pBM-MSC) in pigs. Isolated cells from all tissues were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105, but negative for hematopoietic stem cell associated markers, CD45. In addition, the cells expressed the transcription factors, such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog by RT-PCR. pAD-MSC and pBM-MSC at early passage successfully differentiated into chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. Collectively, pig AD-MSC and BM-MSC with multipotency were optimized in our study.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Bone Marrow ; Chondrocytes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteocytes ; Regenerative Medicine ; Swine ; Transcription Factors

This study was to determine the effect of exercise on the recovery of dopaminergic neuron loss and muscle atrophy in 6-OHDA-induced hemi Parkinson's disease model. Exercise was loaded twice per day for 30 minutes each time, at 5 days after 6-OHDA lesioning and continued for 16 days using a treadmill. Exercise significantly increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neuron in the lesioned substantia nigra and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum compared with the control group. To examine which signaling pathways may be involved in the exercise, the phosphorylation of GSK3beta and ERK were observed in the striatum. In the control group, basal level of GSK3beta phosphorylation was less than in both striatum, but exercise increased it. ERK phosphorylation decreased in the lesioned striatum, but exercise recovered it. These findings suggest that exercise inactivates GSK3beta by phosphorylation which may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of exercise on the 6-OHDA-induced cell death. In the exercise group, weight, and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of the contralateral soleus significantly recovered and expression of myosin heavy chain and Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly increased by exercise. These results suggest that exercise recovers Parkinson's disease induced dopaminergic neuron loss and contralateral soleus muscle atrophy.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Cell Death ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Muscular Atrophy ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxidopamine ; Parkinson Disease ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 microg) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. RESULTS: The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
Animals ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/metabolism ; Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy/*etiology/*pathology ; Myosins/metabolism ; Neurons/drug effects/enzymology ; Oxidopamine/toxicity ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced/*complications ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The NOSI group (n=19) had NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) injections daily for 14 days, and the Vehicle group (n=20) had vehicle injections daily for 14 days. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from hindlimbs. Muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. RESULTS: The NOSI group showed significant increases as compared to the Vehicle group for body weight at 15 days, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius. The NOSI group demonstrated a higher pain threshold than the vehicle group. CONCLUSION: NOSI for 14 days attenuates unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in neuropathic pain model.
Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eating/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; *Hindlimb ; Male ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*drug effects/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Neuralgia/*etiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to find out the relationship between the regional suicide rates and the percentages of medical aid in the elderly in Korea. METHODS: Suicide rates of the elderly in 16 upper-level local governments from 2007 to 2009 were calculated using 'Cause of Death Statistics' and 'Annual Report on Live Births and Deaths Statistics' from Korea National Statistical Office. The percentages of medical aid persons among the elderly in 16 upper-level local governments were calculated using 'National Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook' from Health Insurance Review Agency and National Health Insurance Corporation. The correlation between the suicide rates and the percentages of medical aid in the elderly was measured. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the suicide rates and the percentage of medical aid in the elderly in 16 upper-level local governments. But significant negative correlation was found when only the old-elderly or the old women were analyzed. And the significant negative correlation was also found when only 8 local governments except the major cities and the national capital area were included for analysis. CONCLUSION: Medical aid system could be helpful to reduce the suicide rate in the old-elderly or the old women in Korea. And this effect might be intensified in non-metropolitan and non-capital area.
Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Live Birth ; National Health Programs ; Rhinitis ; Suicide