From March in 1991, central photorefractive keratectomy(CPRK) have performed to correct the 700 myopic eyes. With the example of 310 eyes posibly observed over 6 months after CPRK, studed whether it was corrected by retrospective examining. Especilly in the study of 150 patients collected by answering sheet then studied how discomfort they took through complication, and analyzed the cause of change and Indivisual degree of sansfaction with their myopic degree and postoperative permd. This study led to a conclusion that the milder myopia and the longer postoperative period, the more patients sansfaction increased. This is because the change of refractive power become stable and corneal haze decresase with time, Futhermore we dunk that corneal haze and regression occur more frequently in higher myopla, The CPRK is promising surgical treatment for patients with higher myopia but considerable further investigation and longer-term studies are needed to increase satisfaction.
Glare ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

A schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that is composed of a relative pure proliferation of Schwann cell and constitutes 1% of orbital tumors. Most series report patient age between 20 and 50 year. There was no case report with the schwannoma of nenonate in the domestic and the abroad except two cases in the childhood age group. We experienced a schwannoma which diagnosed by microscopic and immunohistochemical S-100 protein stain in neonate who does not open his eye and present a case with a review of the literature.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Orbit* ; S100 Proteins

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

Objectives: This study examined ways to promote desirable eating habits by choosing foods with low sugar contents and provide nutrition education in adolescents. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sugar reduction perception and knowledge, sugary food preference, and intake frequency of 487 male and female high school students in Incheon were analyzed comparatively. Results: Approximately 94.9% and 94.5% of the subjects were unaware of the promotion of a sugar reduction policy and the sugar reduction in the basic guidelines for school meals, respectively. Approximately 95% of them had not received any sugar reduction nutrition education, and 90% were not interested in sugar reduction. The perception for sugar reduction was significantly higher in girls (3.43 out of 5 points) than in boys (3.16 out of 5 points) (P < 0.001). Knowledge about sugar was 3.65 out of 6 points in girls and 3.04 points in boys (P < 0.001). The preference and intake frequency for fruits of the total students were 4.24 out of 5 points and 2.56, respectively.For beverages, the preference was significantly higher in boys (3.97 points) than in girls (3.70 points) (P < 0.001), and the intake frequency was significantly higher in boys (2.26 points) than in girls (2.08 points) (P < 0.001). The preference for snacks was significantly higher for girls (4.19 points) than boys (4.02 points) (P < 0.01), and the intake frequency was 2.22 points in boys and 2.17 in girls, showing no significant difference. Sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar showed significant negative correlations with the snack intake frequency (r = -0.11, P < 0.05; -0.13, P < 0.05) after adjusting for gender, grade, and body mass index. Conclusions The high school students' perception of sugar reduction was very low, and there was a significant correlation with sugary food intake, suggesting that the sugary food intake will decrease as the sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar increase.

Objectives: This study examined ways to promote desirable eating habits by choosing foods with low sugar contents and provide nutrition education in adolescents. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sugar reduction perception and knowledge, sugary food preference, and intake frequency of 487 male and female high school students in Incheon were analyzed comparatively. Results: Approximately 94.9% and 94.5% of the subjects were unaware of the promotion of a sugar reduction policy and the sugar reduction in the basic guidelines for school meals, respectively. Approximately 95% of them had not received any sugar reduction nutrition education, and 90% were not interested in sugar reduction. The perception for sugar reduction was significantly higher in girls (3.43 out of 5 points) than in boys (3.16 out of 5 points) (P < 0.001). Knowledge about sugar was 3.65 out of 6 points in girls and 3.04 points in boys (P < 0.001). The preference and intake frequency for fruits of the total students were 4.24 out of 5 points and 2.56, respectively.For beverages, the preference was significantly higher in boys (3.97 points) than in girls (3.70 points) (P < 0.001), and the intake frequency was significantly higher in boys (2.26 points) than in girls (2.08 points) (P < 0.001). The preference for snacks was significantly higher for girls (4.19 points) than boys (4.02 points) (P < 0.01), and the intake frequency was 2.22 points in boys and 2.17 in girls, showing no significant difference. Sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar showed significant negative correlations with the snack intake frequency (r = -0.11, P < 0.05; -0.13, P < 0.05) after adjusting for gender, grade, and body mass index. Conclusions The high school students' perception of sugar reduction was very low, and there was a significant correlation with sugary food intake, suggesting that the sugary food intake will decrease as the sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar increase.

Background: Despite the autologous serum skin test (ASST)and autologous plasma skin test (APST) is widely used test accessingwhether a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU) has autoreactivity or not, the clinician often encounterdifficulty making correlation between the test result and clinicalimplications. Objective: This study was aimed to findany clinical and laboratory findings related to the ASST andAPST response. Agreement and correlation between the twotests was also analyzed. Methods: A retrospective study wasconducted on 300 CSU patients who underwent ASST, APST.The subjects were divided into four groups according to theskin test result. Also, the degree of serum and plasma responsewas recorded. Results: Both ASST and APST positivegroup had shorter duration of the disease, higher incidenceof at least one episode of angioedema than negative group.There were no significant differences in the positivity for autoantibodiesincluding antinuclear, ds-DNA, and thyroid-relatedbetween the two groups. The predicted positive rate ofASST and APST according to age showed bimodal peak and decreasing pattern according to disease duration. Predictedpositivity of both tests declined with increase in total immunoglobulineE (IgE) level. In the correlation study, the twotests showed high correlation coefficients. Conclusion ASSTand APST positivity may be related to disease duration andseverity of CSU. The two tests showed a generally consistentresult. Autoreactivity may be gradually lost as disease continues.We suggest the autoreactivity in CSU could arise independentlyfrom IgE mediated immune process.

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we aimed to develop an oral examination smart chart application for tablet personal computers (PC). We evaluated the time required to perform an oral examination and assessed the degree of user's convenience by using this application. We determined to make our application cost and human resource effective by automatically computerizing the statistics to facilitate its application in oral health services such as national oral health research. The development of this application for tablet PCs was aimed at recording the results of oral examinations. METHODS: We produced flow charts and designed the program screen, which would replace the existing paper chart. To evaluate the efficiency of the application, 1 preventive dentistry professor and 6 dentistry students performed an oral examination on 41 subjects. We performed the oral examination in duplicate using a tablet PC and a paper chart. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The time required for oral examination by the study group (the group using the application) and the control group (the group using paper) were 131.93+/-10.14 and 151.85+/-7.77, respectively; the difference between these values was statistically significant (P-value=0.002). The oral examination could be performed faster in the study group (the group using the application) than in the control group; therefore, we noted that the time taken for oral examination was reduced by using the application. CONCLUSIONS: The tablet-based system has been shown to save time by omitting the step of entering the paper chart data into a computer. Further, the findings of this study can be used to establish an oral health index database with the help of additional resources. Moreover, it would facilitate creating awareness among the patients with regard to their oral health indices through the use of visual aids.
Audiovisual Aids ; Dentistry ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Oral Health ; Preventive Dentistry

BACKGROUND: It has been known that bed rest after spinal anesthesia for benign anorectal surgery helps to reduce the incidence of postdural puncture headache, but the bed rest position is thought to have a negative effect on urinary retention, as a result of anxiety, anal distention, bladder distention and pain-induced reflex inhibition of the urinary bladder detrusor muscle. We investigate the effect of early ambulation after spinal anesthesia on postdural puncture headache and on urinary retention compared with bed rest for 24 hours. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three ASA Physical Status I patients received spinal anesthesia for scheduled benign anorectal surgery. We applied hyperbaric 0.5% tetracaine 6 mg (1.2 ml) using 25 gauge Quincke needles with the cutting bevel parallel to the dural fibers at the patients' sitting position. All patients were randomly divided into an early ambulation group or bed rest group. We investigated the incidence of urinary retention and headache. The duration of operation, the perioperative intravenous fluid volume, surgical technique and postoperative pain regimen were standardized. RESULTS: The incidence of urinary retention in the early ambulation group (16/75, 21.3%) was lower than that in bed rest group (32/78, 41.0%). There was no difference in any parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the incidence of urinary retention, early ambulation after spinal anesthesia for benign anorectal surgery is recommended over bed rest with no increase in the incidence of postdural puncture headache.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anxiety ; Bed Rest ; Early Ambulation* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Needles ; Pain, Postoperative ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Reflex ; Tetracaine ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention*

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of a set of self-reported questionnaires for periodontitis for estimating the prevalence of chronic adult periodontitis in the Korean population. METHODS: The questionnaire is comprised of a total of 14 questions with four summarized concepts including self-diagnosis of oral status, subjective signs related to oral health, smoking and drinking status, and use of auxiliary oral hygiene devices including scaling. The predictiveness of the measures from these self-reported questions was assessed by logistic regression modeling using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC including all questions were 0.571, 0.768, and 0.781, respectively; the sum of sensitivity and specificity was 1.34. To gain robustness, a simplified predictive model was built with six questions. Its results were 0.536, 0.817, and 0.762 for sensitivity, specificity, and AUC, respectively. The sum of sensitivity and specificity was found to be 1.35. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported questionnaire for periodontitis showed considerable validity, but further study is required to provide optimal validity and predictability.
Area Under Curve ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Drinking ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the tooth bleaching effect of two whitening materials in toothpaste i.e., hydroxyapatite and hydrogen peroxide on. In a randomized, double blinded controlled clinical trial, 85 participants with tooth colorations were assigned to use one of three toothpastes containing either hydroxyapatite (0.25%), hydrogen peroxide (0.75%), or no active ingredient (placebo). The patients were examined at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after usage. METHODS: The patients underwent an oral examination, tooth shade measurement, and a subjective evaluation. During the oral examination, the patient's oral health status was determined. ShadeEye NCC and Vita classical shade guide were used to determine the tooth color. Further, the patients were asked to assess the color of their own teeth using a visual analog scale (VAS) scale (range, 1-5). RESULTS: According to the CIELAB system, a significantly greater color change (Deltab*) was observed in the hydrogen peroxide group (2.10+/-1.54) than in the hydroxyapatite (1.50+/-1.09) and control (0.94+/-0.75) groups after 3 months of toothpaste usage (P<0.002). The DeltaE*color change was not statistically significant among the 3 groups at each time point (P>0.05). The subjective evaluation results of the hydroxyapatite (P=0.023) and hydrogen peroxide (P=0.047) groups were statistically significant at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrogen peroxide-containing toothpaste caused significant lightening of tooth coloration than the hydroxyapatite and placebo toothpastes.
Diagnosis, Oral ; Durapatite* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide* ; Hydrogen* ; Oral Health ; Tooth ; Tooth Bleaching ; Toothpastes* ; Visual Analog Scale