No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Necrosis* ; Subcutaneous Fat*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans

Euthanasia have received considerable attention recentely in medical literature, public discussion, and proposed state legislation. Almost all the discussion in this area has focused on the role of physicians. However, nurse may be in special position to understand the wishes of patients and to act on this understanding. Purpose of this study is to identity the meaning of euthanasia in terminal ill patients on the nurses' veiw. Forcused interveiw design was used to data collection The data were analyzed by semantic analysis, and analysis of the data resulted in identification of 14 categories representing the meaning of euthanasia. 1. The meaning of supported euthanasia is 'free of suffering', 'difficulty of economic status', 'right of patient and family', 'dignity of death', 'organ transplant', 'social legislation'. 2. The meaning of opposited euthanasia is 'artificial death', 'value of life', 'uncertainity', 'guilt feeling' 3. The meaning of care in terminalily ill patients is 'avoidance', 'powerlessness'. 'apathy', 'passive attitude'. The policy debate about professional roles in action that end of lives of patients must be extended nurses. Nurses must take an active role in discussion and definition of acceptable practice at the end of life.
Data Collection ; Euthanasia* ; Hospice Care ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Professional Role ; Semantics

No abstract available.
Alopecia ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Child* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. Although various resistance mechanisms have been recognized with increasing frequency, only a few cases of triple resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the coexistence of qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. METHODS: We tested 44 isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae at Chungnam National University Hospital from March to September 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by broth microdilution method, and transconjugation test was performed using E. coli J53 with azide resistance. Search for qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) genes was conducted by PCR amplification, and the genotypes were determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified products. Epidemiologic study was performed by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). RESULTS: All ESBL-positive strains produced qnrB; however, armA was detected in 68.2%. The coproduction rate of qnrB and armA in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 68.2%. Two types (A and B) were dominant in ERIC-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae producing qnrB, armA, and ESBL are spreading widely.
Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Methyltransferases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/drug effects/*genetics

BACKGROUND: An increased frequency of the epsilon4 allele in Alzheimer's disease has been reported, which suggested a functional role of apolipoprotein E isoforms in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of ApoE genotypes in various types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease, to relate epsilon4 and assess risk factors for different types of dementia. METHODS: We assessed the frequency of Apolipoprotein E alleles in 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 10 patients with vascular dementia and 9 demented patients with Parkinson's disease. The Apolipoprotein E genotype was determined the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific oligonuculeotide primers (SSOP) and reverse hybridiza- tion using the INNO-LiPA (Line Probe Assay) Apo E typing kit. RESULTS: Allele frequencies of epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 were : 0.5, 0.72, and 0.23 in Alzheimer's disease; 0, 0.65, and 0.35 in vascular dementia; 0.6, 0.83 and 0.11 in demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Conculsion : These results indicate that the apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated with not only Alzheimer's disease but also vascular dementia, however not associated with Parkinson's disease. No such an association was observed between the apolipoprotein E alleles and age.
Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Isoforms ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
*Aneuploidy ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Down Syndrome/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/pathology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant ; Isochromosomes/*genetics ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/complications/*diagnosis ; Megakaryocytes/pathology

BACKGROUND: CEDIA is a newly developed method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and has some merits such as easy application to routine chemical analyzers, rapid and precise quantitation even in low concentrations and less cross reactivity. We evaluated the CEDIA(epsilon) (Microgenics Co., CA, USA) in measurement of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin levels using 502X(epsilon) (A & T, Tokyo, Japan) and compared the results to those of the TDx(epsilon) (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA) in order to assess the utility of the CEDIA(epsilon). METHODS: We evaluated the performance of 502X(epsilon) in the aspects of the within-runs and the between-runs precision, linearity, and carry-over. We compared the results of the CEDIA(epsilon) reagent with those of TDx(epsilon). The control materials (Bio-Rad TDM control level 1 and level 3; Bio-Rad laboratories, CA, USA) and clinical specimens were used for these studies. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation (CV) for the within-run and the between-run imprecision of 502X(epsilon) were 2.0-7.6% and 4.0-6.5%, respectively. The carry-over rate for theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin was 1.33%, 0.45% and 0.53%, respectively. The linearity (r(2)) of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin was 0.9941, 0.9983 and 0.9947, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin levels of CEDIA(epsilon), with those determined by the TDx(epsilon), were 0.9730, 0.9703 and 0.9695, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The recentlydeveloped CEDIA(epsilon) proved to be highly precise and linear for quantitative analysis of theophyllin, phenytoin and valproic acid. Correlations with TDx(epsilon) were significantly high. CEDIA(epsilon) was thought to be clinically useful for TDM.
Drug Monitoring ; Phenytoin* ; Theophylline* ; Valproic Acid*

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) can be divided into neural type with S-100 reactivity and non-neural type without that. The latter has not been widely recognized and there are only fewer reports available when compared to conventional GCT. A 65-year-old man was presented with the presence of a painless mass on his back. The mass had developed into a small nodule on the scar developed because of previous surgery carried out 2 years ago. The tumor consisted of large, polygonal cells comprising of an enormous number of faintly eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic granules were stained positively for periodic acid-Schiff stain. Immunohistochemical stains for S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase were found to be negative. Herein, we report the appearance of a very rare case of non neural GCT developed on the surgical scar in support with relevant literature reviews.
Aged ; Cicatrix ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Eosinophils ; Granular Cell Tumor ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; S100 Proteins