No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Necrosis* ; Subcutaneous Fat*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans

Euthanasia have received considerable attention recentely in medical literature, public discussion, and proposed state legislation. Almost all the discussion in this area has focused on the role of physicians. However, nurse may be in special position to understand the wishes of patients and to act on this understanding. Purpose of this study is to identity the meaning of euthanasia in terminal ill patients on the nurses' veiw. Forcused interveiw design was used to data collection The data were analyzed by semantic analysis, and analysis of the data resulted in identification of 14 categories representing the meaning of euthanasia. 1. The meaning of supported euthanasia is 'free of suffering', 'difficulty of economic status', 'right of patient and family', 'dignity of death', 'organ transplant', 'social legislation'. 2. The meaning of opposited euthanasia is 'artificial death', 'value of life', 'uncertainity', 'guilt feeling' 3. The meaning of care in terminalily ill patients is 'avoidance', 'powerlessness'. 'apathy', 'passive attitude'. The policy debate about professional roles in action that end of lives of patients must be extended nurses. Nurses must take an active role in discussion and definition of acceptable practice at the end of life.
Data Collection ; Euthanasia* ; Hospice Care ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Professional Role ; Semantics

No abstract available.
Alopecia ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Child* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. Although various resistance mechanisms have been recognized with increasing frequency, only a few cases of triple resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the coexistence of qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. METHODS: We tested 44 isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae at Chungnam National University Hospital from March to September 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by broth microdilution method, and transconjugation test was performed using E. coli J53 with azide resistance. Search for qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) genes was conducted by PCR amplification, and the genotypes were determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified products. Epidemiologic study was performed by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). RESULTS: All ESBL-positive strains produced qnrB; however, armA was detected in 68.2%. The coproduction rate of qnrB and armA in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 68.2%. Two types (A and B) were dominant in ERIC-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae producing qnrB, armA, and ESBL are spreading widely.
Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Methyltransferases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/drug effects/*genetics

BACKGROUND: An increased frequency of the epsilon4 allele in Alzheimer's disease has been reported, which suggested a functional role of apolipoprotein E isoforms in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of ApoE genotypes in various types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease, to relate epsilon4 and assess risk factors for different types of dementia. METHODS: We assessed the frequency of Apolipoprotein E alleles in 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 10 patients with vascular dementia and 9 demented patients with Parkinson's disease. The Apolipoprotein E genotype was determined the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific oligonuculeotide primers (SSOP) and reverse hybridiza- tion using the INNO-LiPA (Line Probe Assay) Apo E typing kit. RESULTS: Allele frequencies of epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 were : 0.5, 0.72, and 0.23 in Alzheimer's disease; 0, 0.65, and 0.35 in vascular dementia; 0.6, 0.83 and 0.11 in demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Conculsion : These results indicate that the apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated with not only Alzheimer's disease but also vascular dementia, however not associated with Parkinson's disease. No such an association was observed between the apolipoprotein E alleles and age.
Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Isoforms ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin when etched with laser instead of phosphoric acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recently extracted forty molars, completely free of dental caries, were embedded into acrylic resin. After exposing dentin with diamond saw, teeth surface were polished with a series of SiC paper. The teeth were divided into four groups composed of 10 specimens each; 1) no surface treated group as a control 2) acid-etched with 35 percent-phosphoric acid 3) Er:YAG laser treated 4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser treated. A dentin bonding agent (Adapter Single Bond2, 3M/ESPE) was applied to the specimens and then transparent plastic tubes (3 mm of height and diameter) were placed on each dentin. The composite resin was inserted into the tubes and cured. All the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37degree C for 24 hours and the shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Z020, Zwick, Germany). The data of tensile bond strength were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test at alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: The bond strengths of Er:YAG laser-treated group was 3.98 +/- 0.88 MPa and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated group showed 3.70 +/- 1.55 MPa. There were no significant differences between two laser groups. The control group showed the lowest bond strength, 1.52 +/- 0.42 MPa and the highest shear bond strength was presented in acid-etched group, 7.10 +/- 1.86 MPa (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Laser- etched group exhibited significantly higer bond strength than that of control group, while still weaker than that of the phosphoric acid-etched group.
Collodion ; Dental Caries ; Dentin ; Diamond ; Molar ; Phosphoric Acids ; Plastics ; Tooth ; Water

No abstract available.
Plasma* ; Spectrum Analysis* ; Trace Elements*

Localized scleroderma is a connective tissue disorder characterized by thickening and fibrosis of the skin due to excessive collagen deposition in the dermis. Dystrophic calcinosis occurs when calcium is deposited in the previously damaged skin tissue, and calcium and phosphorous levels in the blood are within normal limits. It occurs secondary to connective tissue disease, infection, inflammatory processes, chronic venous stasis, cutaneous neoplasm, and trauma. We report a rare case of dystrophic calcinosis cutis with transepidermal elimination secondary to localized scleroderma.
Calcinosis ; Calcium ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Dermis ; Fibrosis ; Scleroderma, Localized ; Skin