Five representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province such as chuotang, ochuk, baekhapchuk, dasulgitang and minmulgokimaeuntang were subjected to recipe standardization and nutrient analysis. To derive a standard recipe, first a test recipe was prepared with the consideration of information obtained from literature survey, personal interview and survey of restaurant recipe. This test recipe was modified three times after sensory evaluation. Then the modified test recipe was accepted as the standard recipe when all characteristics of food was assessed over 5 points and the percentage of judges who gave a score over five exceeded 70% in seven-point hedonic scale. Actually, all characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". Nutrient analysis was performed in food cooked according to the decided standard recipe. In general, it appeared that energy content was rather low. However protein contents in chuotang, ochuk and minmulgokimaeuntang were higher than the recommended value per meal. Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B, niacin, calcium, phosphorus and iron were rich in chwotang and minmulgokimaeuntag. Onhuk contains plenty of vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and the contents of vitamin A, vitamin B1, and niacin in baekhapapchuk were over the recommended values per meal. The foods contained large percentage of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and major essential amino acids appeared to be leucine and lysine. On the other hand, major fatty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid and plamitic acid. Among them the content of oleic acid was the highest in chuotang, ochuk and baekhapchuk, whereas linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the most rich fatty acids in baekhapchuk and dasulgitang respectively.
Amino Acids, Essential ; Ascorbic Acid ; Aspartic Acid ; Calcium ; Fatty Acids ; Glutamic Acid ; Hand ; Humans ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Leucine ; Linoleic Acid ; Lysine ; Meals ; Niacin ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Phosphorus ; Restaurants ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

As the incidence of diet-related diseases increase, much attention has been focused of traditional foods. Traditional foods are ultimately based on local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Therefore, the present study was designed to standardize recipes and analyze the nutrients of some representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province. Their foods were Cheonju pibimpap, kongnamulgukpap, minmuljangokui, aejeotchim and aguytichim. Test recipes for each food were prepared, being based on various information obtained from personal interviews, literature surveys of restaurant recipes. Then test recepe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". The analysis of nutrient composition revealed that in general energy content was low whereas protein content was as high as recommended reguirement in all foods except for kongnamulgukpap. Vitamin content was generally high but contents of calcium and iron were relatively low in all foods. Cheonju pibimpap was rich in dietary fiber. Dietary fiber content of Cheonju pibimpap was 16.6g per serving size. All foods contained considerable amounts of essential amino acids. The major fatty acide were oleic acid, linoleic acid and glutamic acid, oleic acid being the highest in terms of composition ratio.
Amino Acids, Essential ; Calcium ; Dietary Fiber ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Linoleic Acid ; Nutritive Value ; Oleic Acid ; Restaurants ; Serving Size ; Vitamins

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is one of the glycoproteins families synthesized by the placenta, and consists of 2 noncovalently joined subunits, namely, alpha and beta. The alpha and beta-subunits have a structural homology with the alpha and beta-subunits of TSH and LH. The thyrotropic action of HCG results from its structural similarity to TSH, so beta-HCG can bind to the TSH receptor in the thyroid gland. A high level of HCG, accompanied by an increased thyroid hormone level, can be observed in gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), such as a hydatidiform mole or a choriocarcinoma. However, the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism in GTD are rarely observed. A 27-years-old woman, admitted due to an amenorrhea of 11 weeks duration, with thyrotoxic symptoms, such as weight loss, palpitation, sweating, tremor, heat intolerance and anxiety, was evaluated. Her serum free T4 level was 8 times higher than normal, and her serum beta-HCG level was over 1,000,000IU/L. She had a curettage operation, with the pathological findings of a complete hydatidiform mole. These thyrotoxic symptoms developed due to a hydatidiform mole, and were accompanied with a highly increased serum beta-HCG level. After evacuation of the molar tissue, the thyroid hormone and thyrotoxic symptoms normalized. Here, this case is reported, with brief review of the literature.
Amenorrhea ; Anxiety ; Choriocarcinoma ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Curettage ; Female ; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ; Glycoproteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole* ; Hyperthyroidism ; Molar ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Thyrotropin ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis* ; Tremor ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Since various hematology analyzers apply common or different principles in complete blood counting, difference between measured values could developed according to the control material used in external quality assessment. Diagnostic Hematology Subcommittee has been using formalin fixed blood and Liquichek(TM) Hematology-16 (Bio-Rad, USA) as control material of external quality assessment alternately but recently significant difference of test results was found in some analyzers. We intended to select adequate control material showing similar test results in most analyzers. METHODS: Using fresh whole blood, formalin fixed blood, Liquichek(TM) Hematology-16 and CBC-4K (R&D, USA), 5 parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, platelet) were measured in 4 hematology analyzers; CELL-DYN sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics, USA), Coulter LH750 (Beckman Coulter, USA), ADVIA 2120 (Siemens Diagnostics, USA) and Sysmex XE-2100 (Sysmex Co., Japan). Linearity, within-run precision and between-day precision of 4 materials for each parameter were evaluated at different analyzers. RESULTS: The between-day precisions for WBC of formalin fixed blood showed very high CVs of 6.5~13.5% in all 4 hematology analyzers. The within-run and between-day precisions for WBC and platelet of Liquichek(TM) Hematology-16 showed high CVs of 9.3%, 16% and 19.8%, 18%, respectively in CELL-DYN analyzer. But, CBC-4K showed a good linearity (r2=0.9953~0.9993) and precision (within-run CVs, 0~1.5% and between-day CVs, 0~2.0%) in all analyzers. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh whole blood, formalin fixed blood and Liquichek(TM) Hematology-16 are not appropriate for standardization of external quality control materials because of some different test results among analyzers. We conclude that CBC-4K with good performance in all hematology analyzer is adequate as external quality control material.
Aluminum Oxide ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Formaldehyde ; Hematology ; Quality Control

An outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia with 70~90% morbidity and 50% mortality occurred in an animal shelter in Yangju, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Clinically, the affected dogs showed severe respiratory distress within 48 h after arriving in the shelter. The dead were found mainly with nasal bleeding and hematemesis. At necropsy, hemothorax and hemorrhagic pneumonia along with severe pulmonary consolidation was observed, though histopathological analysis showed mainly hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia. Lymphoid depletion was inconsistently seen in the spleen, tonsil and bronchial lymph node. Gram-positive colonies were shown in blood vessels or parenchyma of cerebrum, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney. Also, Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the various organs in which the bacterium was microscopically and histologically detected. In addition, approximately 0.9 Kb specific amplicon, antiphagocytic factor H binding protein, was amplified in the bacterial isolates. In this study, we reported an outbreak of canine hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia caused by S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in an animal shelter in Yangju, Korea.
Animals ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*epidemiology/*microbiology/pathology ; Dogs ; Korea/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Streptococcus equi/isolation & purification/*physiology

This study was carried out to investigate the morphology, distribution and co-localization of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin-containing GABAergic cells in the midbrain of the cat. The results obtain by immunocytochemical observation were as follows : 1. Calcium binding protein calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were mainly found in the red nucleus, substantia nigra, oculomotor nucleus and locus ceruleus of the cat midbrain. 2. Parvalbumin immunoreactive cells in the red nucleus were more than twice in number compared to the calbindin D-28k immunoreactive cells. 3. Calbindin immunoreactive cells in the substans nigr were more than twice in number compared to the parvalbumin immunoreactive cells. 4. Double labelled immunocytochemical study revealed that parvalbumin and GABA were colocalized neurons in the same cells of the transverse section of the midbrain. 5. Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells were round, oval, spindle or polygonal in shape and were 15~20 micrometer in diameter. Positive neurons displayed unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar feature.
Animals ; Calbindins* ; Calcium ; Carrier Proteins ; Cats* ; GABAergic Neurons* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mesencephalon* ; Neurons ; Red Nucleus ; Substantia Nigra

We experienced an extremely rare case of lipoid pneumonia combined with empyema. A 53-year-old patient was admitted because of chilling sensation and blood tinged sputum. Simple X-ray and computered tomography(CT) showed a huge homogeneous opacification in the left lower lung field. This patient was diagnosed as endogenous type lipoid pneumonia by a computed tomography guided needle biopsy; decortication and left lower lobectomy are performed. We diagnosed it as endogenous type lipoid pneumonia because it revealed a foreign body reaction and lipid laden macrophage on the pathologic examination.
Biopsy, Needle ; Empyema ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia* ; Sensation ; Sputum ; Tolnaftate

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical usefulness of serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (M. pneumonia) and viral pneumonia in children. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 348 patients admitted between June 2015 and December of 2015. There were 162 patients with M. pneumonia without virus coinfection (group 1) and 186 patients with viral pneumonia (group 2). All subjects had radiographic evidence of pneumonia with available specimens for both M. pneumonia and viral testing, and levels of serum PCT, white blood cell counts (WBC), neutrophil portion, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Fifty-eight children who performed follow-up sampling at the time of no fever for more than 48 hours were subdivided into group 3 (M. pneumonia with follow-up sampling, n=41) and group 4 (viral pneumonia with follow-up sampling, n=17). RESULTS: No difference was noted in the levels of serum PCT (P=0.168), CRP (P=0.296), WBC (P=0.732), and neutrophil proportion (P=0.069) between groups 1 and 2, after adjusting for age. Serial changes in serum PCT levels between the first and second samples were significant in group 3 (P=0.046). Serial changes in serum CRP levels between the first and second samples were significant in group 4 (P=0.008). CONCLUSION: Serum PCT and CRP levels may change differently after infection according to the etiology of pneumonia.
C-Reactive Protein ; Child* ; Coinfection ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Medical Records ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Mycoplasma* ; Neutrophils ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Viral* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cervical lymph node (LN) metastases are common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and cervical neck dissection (ND) is frequently performed to improve regional control of the disease. However, there is a controversy as to the extent of lateral cervical ND. In the present study, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) or CT and the predictive factors of level II LN metastases in PTC patients with clinically positive lateral neck nodes. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 78 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and lateral ND including level II LN between August 1998 to June 2008. To identify predictive factors of cervical node metastases to level II, diverse factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common site of metastasis was level IV (83.3% of cases). The accuracy of diagnostic imaging in the detection of level II metastasis revealed sensitivity of 89.4%, and specificity of 93.5%. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the presence of level II metastases was significantly associated with the location of primary tumor (p<0.001), number of metastatic LN (p=0.001), and great size of metastatic LN (p=0.010). In addition, the multivariate analysis showed that the location of primary tumor and number of metastatic LN were an independent risk factor for the presence of level II metastasis. CONCLUSION: Preoperative imaging was accurate for detecting the presence of level II LN metastasis. Patients with upper lobe tumor and multiple metastatic LN have a higher risk of harboring metastatic disease at the level II. We suggest that routine dissection of the level II LN may not be necessary for patients with no evidence of diagnostic imaging and predictive factors of level II LN metastasis.
Carcinoma ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Factor IX ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (BMSCC) has been known to have poor prognosis characterized by a high locoregional failure rate. The purpose of this study is to assess the current treatment outcome and to estimate the prognostic factors in patients with BMSCC. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 patients who were diagnosed and treated for BMSCC between August 1996 and May 2008. Potential prognostic factors including age, gender, stage, histologic grade, treatment modality were evaluated. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival and failure-free survival rate were 47% and 42%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rate in the early staged carcinoma (stage I and II) was 76%, and in the advanced staged carcinoma (stage III and IV), 38% (p=0.022). Patients who had surgery as initial treatment or well differentiated cancer achieved better overall survival rates (p=0.003, p=0.018). Forty-five percent of patients had treatment failure during follow-up. The univariate analysis showed that clinical stages and histologic grades are the two most important prognostic factors responsible for treatment failure. CONCLUSION: The 5-year survival rate of BMSCC was 47%. The strong influence of disease stage on prognosis emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of BMSCC and aggressive treatment for patients with poorly/moderated differentiated cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome