No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the probable cause and the time of cerebral insult in cerebral palsy (CP) based on MRI findings and risk factors. METHOD: The subjects comprised all sixty-seven patients with CP showing abnormal MRI findings between March 1999 and September 2001 at the Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital. A detailed medical history was available for all patients including those not born in our hospital. They ranged in age from two months to five years. We analyzed the brain magnetic resonance (MR) findings of patients with CP to correlate the probable cause and the time of cerebral insult through the consideration of medical histories including prenatal, perinatal and postnatal histories. RESULTS: Of the 67 MRIs, abnormalities were the followings; periventricular leukomalacias (PVLs) in 49 cases, cortical or subcortical infarction in 4 cases, brain atrophy in 7 cases, neuronal migration disorder in 4 cases, and delayed myelination in 3 cases. Among the patients with PVL, perinatal risk factors were responsible for cerebral insult in preterm, but pre- and perinatal contribution were similar in patients born at full term. Among the patients with cerebral infarction, only one case with meningitis at 11 months was suspected for cerebral insult. These patients had no risk factor as a peri- or post-natal etiology. Four patients with neuronal migration disorder had no risk factor for peri- or postnatal etiology except for the one who was a twin. CONCLUSION: Review of brain MRI findings such as PVL, infarct, neuronal migration disorder and a detailed medical history including prenatal and perinatal etiology would be a useful method to estimate the probable cause and the time of cerebral insult in CP.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Myelin Sheath ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Risk Factors ; Twins

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: To determine subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia in a large study population. Methods: The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) is a nationwide, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus including 5,385 patients with intermittent exotropia. Subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia were extracted by a comprehensive survey based on a self-administered questionnaire according to the study protocol of the KIEMS. Results: The mean age of symptom onset was 5.5 years. The most common symptom reported in patients with intermittent exotropia was photophobia (52.1%), followed by diplopia at near fixation (7.3%) and distance fixation (6.2%). Preterm birth was found in 8.8%, and 4.1% had perinatal complications. A family history of strabismus was present in 14.9%, and 5.5% of patients had a family member who underwent strabismus surgery. Conclusions The KIEMS is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia frequently caused photophobia and diplopia, and patients with a family history was not uncommon.

This study was conducted to investigate the mothers' nutritional knowledge on weaning of 101 infants (8 for 4 mo, 44 for 5 mo, 45 for 6 mo, 4 for 7 mo) at a public health center of Incheon. Informations on the mothers' nutritional knowledge were obtained by questionnaires. In this survey 41.6% of infants were breast-feeding, 43.6% of them were bottle-feeding, and 14.9% of them were mixed feeding right after birth. The rate of breast-feeding right after birth was significantly higher in mothers of high school graduate than mothers of college/university graduate (p < 0.05). The infants of mothers graduated high school began to be weaned significantly earlier than the infants of mothers graduated college/university (p < 0.05). 95.1% of infants (n = 101) began to be weaned 4 to 6 months. 83.1% of infants were fed home-made weaning foods. 66.7% of infants were fed rice gruel, 18.5% of them were fruit juice, 6.2% of them were mixed grain, and 4.9% of them were commercially prepared weaning foods as their first supplementary foods. As main supplementary foods, 32.8% of infants were fed vegetable, 30.5% of them were rice gruel, and 27.7% of them were fruit juice. Mothers' nutritional knowledge related to weaning was significantly higher among mothers of college/university graduate than mothers of high school graduate (p < 0.05). 86.1% of mothers disagreed with the questionnaire in which breast-fed infants aged over 4 months needed to be fed iron sufficient food. For the improvement of nutritional status especially iron nutritional status of infants, nutritional education for mothers with weaning aged infants has to be increased and related programs have to be operated effectively.
Edible Grain ; Education ; Fruit ; Humans ; Incheon ; Infant* ; Iron ; Mothers ; Nutritional Status ; Parturition ; Public Health ; Vegetables ; Weaning*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Flexible intramedullary pin fixation in pediatric forearm diaphyseal fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 15 cases of forearm diaphyseal fractures operated using flexible intra-medullary nail fixation technique between January 2000 and December 2004. Of these 15 children, there were 11 boys and 4 girls with an average age of 11.6 years (range, 7~15 years). The implants were introduced in the distal radius and proximal ulna in all patients. An average duration of fixation was 5.3 months in the radius, 4.7 months in the ulna. After operation, all patient were applied with a long arm cast and the duration of immobilization was 5.2 weeks (range, 4~6 weeks) on average. RESULTS: All fractures in this series healed with normal range of supination (average 80.0) and pronation (average, 71.6 degrees). Average operation time including anesthesia was 123 minutes and hospital stay was 5.4 days. Time to union was 8.4 weeks on average. Range of motion and functional results were satisfactory in all cases. There were one case of incomplete ulnar nerve injury and two cases of refracture which were treated conservatively without any permanent complication. CONCLUSION: Flexible intramedullary pin fixation technique is a good method in case of unstable displaced fracture and difficult or failed closed treatment.
Anesthesia ; Arm ; Child* ; Female ; Forearm* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Length of Stay ; Pronation ; Radius ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Supination ; Ulna ; Ulnar Nerve

PURPOSE: To evaluate, using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the clinal significance of the corpus callosum by measuring the size of various portions of the corpus callosum in children with cerebral palsy, and in paired controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two children [30 boys and 22 girls aged between six and 96 (median, 19) months in whom cerebal palsy was clinically diagnosed underwent MR imaging. There were 23 term patients and 29 preterm, and the control group was selected by age and sex matching. Clinal subtypes of cerebal palsy were classified as hemiplegia(n =14), spastic diplegia(n=22), or spastic quadriplegia(n=16), and according to the severity of motor palsy, the condition was also classified as mild(n=26), moderate(n=13), or severe(n=13). In addition to the length and height of the corpus callosum, the thickness of its genu, body, transitional zone and splenium, as seen on midsagittal T1-weighted MR images, were also measured. Differences in the measured values of the two groups were statistically analysed and differences in the size of the corpus callosum according to the clinical severity and subtypes of cerebral palsy, and gestational age, were also assessed. RESULTS: Except for height, the measured values of the corpus callosum in patients with cerebral palsy were significantly less than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Its size decreased according to the severity of motor palsy. Compared with term patients, the corpus callosum in preterm patients was considerably smaller (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant correlation between the severity of motor palsy and the size of the corpus callosum. Quantitative evaluation of the corpus callosum might be a good indicator of neurologic prognosis, and a sensitive marker for assessing the extent of brain injury.
Brain Injuries ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child ; Corpus Callosum* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paralysis ; Prognosis