When esotropia and diplopia is developed by Sixth nerve paralysis treatments including operation are delayed for 6 months; botulinum toxin injection to the medical rectus which is antagonist muscle, lateral rectus resection, medial rectus recession, transposition of the vertical recti to the horizontal plane and Jensen procedure. But there is little possibility of recovery of full rotation in the direction of action of the attacted muscle with classic recess-resect surgery. Transposition of the vertical recti to the horizontal plane has the problem that original actions of the transposed muscles are weakened, and vertical deviation may be introduced. We attampted the surgery with silicone band for the 42 year-old patient who was not improved sixth nerve paralysis for ten months for the purpose of regainning muscle force and reposioning esotropia. Silicone band was passed the medial half of superior and inferior rectus muscles and sutured beneath the lateral rectus muscle. We had the disappearance of diplopia and esotropia and improvement of lateral rectus muscle force from -4 to -2. We could predict that this method was good for sixth nerve paralysis.
Adult ; Botulinum Toxins ; Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Humans ; Muscles ; Paralysis* ; Silicones*

In this study, we investigated the correlation between the expression of EGFR-mRNA in situ hybridization method and the clinical feature of the cataract. The results were as followed. Nineteen out of fourty six cases(41.3%) were showed the expression of EGFRmRNA in lens epithelium. No correlation between the age of the lenses and the expression of EGFR-mRNA could be demonstrated. The expression of EGFR-mRNA in lens epithelium correlated significantly (P<0.01) with the clinical stage of the cataract. No correlation between the diabetes mellitus and the expression of EGFRmRNA could be demonstated. These results suggest that the EGFR-mRNA status in lens epithelium could be important for the development of the cataract.
Cataract* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Epithelium* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*

The majority of cardiac myxoma occur sporadically as isolated lesions in the left atrium of middle-aged women. However, a familial form and a syndrome form of this lesion have also been identified. The syndrome myxoma can present itself with pigmented skin lesions and peripheral or endocrine neoplasms. The familial and syndrome forms of cardiac myxomas can usually be distinguished from the sporadic form by their occurrences at younger ages, their unusual locations, the multicentricity of the lesions, and the presence of rare pathological conditions. In addition, a higher rate of recurrent lesions is usually associated with the familial and syndrome forms of this disease. We present a case of complex cardiac myxoma with pigmented skin lesions and breast myxoma and report it with a review of literature.
Breast ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Myxoma* ; Nipples* ; Skin

PURPOSE: To evaluate, using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the clinal significance of the corpus callosum by measuring the size of various portions of the corpus callosum in children with cerebral palsy, and in paired controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two children [30 boys and 22 girls aged between six and 96 (median, 19) months in whom cerebal palsy was clinically diagnosed underwent MR imaging. There were 23 term patients and 29 preterm, and the control group was selected by age and sex matching. Clinal subtypes of cerebal palsy were classified as hemiplegia(n =14), spastic diplegia(n=22), or spastic quadriplegia(n=16), and according to the severity of motor palsy, the condition was also classified as mild(n=26), moderate(n=13), or severe(n=13). In addition to the length and height of the corpus callosum, the thickness of its genu, body, transitional zone and splenium, as seen on midsagittal T1-weighted MR images, were also measured. Differences in the measured values of the two groups were statistically analysed and differences in the size of the corpus callosum according to the clinical severity and subtypes of cerebral palsy, and gestational age, were also assessed. RESULTS: Except for height, the measured values of the corpus callosum in patients with cerebral palsy were significantly less than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Its size decreased according to the severity of motor palsy. Compared with term patients, the corpus callosum in preterm patients was considerably smaller (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant correlation between the severity of motor palsy and the size of the corpus callosum. Quantitative evaluation of the corpus callosum might be a good indicator of neurologic prognosis, and a sensitive marker for assessing the extent of brain injury.
Brain Injuries ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child ; Corpus Callosum* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paralysis ; Prognosis

Esophageal and duodenal tuberculosis are rare form of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. The common complications due to esophageal and duodenal tuberculosis are fistulous communications with the adjacent structures, perforation, obstruction, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Massive bleeding in esophageal and duodenal tuberculosis is quite rare. We encountered a case of a 55-year-old male who presented with hematemesis and melena. Esophageal and Duodenal tuberculosis with a duodenal fistula was diagnosed by an endoscopic and radiology examination. He improved after treatment with anti-tuberculosis medication over a 9 month period. We report this case of esophageal and duodenal tuberculosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis with a review of the relevant literature.
Duodenum* ; Esophagus* ; Fistula ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Melena ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*