No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the expression of CDK inhibitors, p27kip1 and p57kip2 during the growth and differentiation of mouse placenta. METHODS: Total RNA and protein were extracted from placenta of mouse sacrificed at day 12, 14, 16, 18 post-coitum (p.c.), then semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting of p27kip1 and p57kip2 was carried out, respectively. RESULTS: p27kip1 mRNA was highly expressed in 18 days p.c. then other groups. But, p57kip2 mRNA expression was high in 12, 14, and 16 days p.c., then decreased in 18 days p.c. p27kip1 expression pattern was similar with mRNA. But, p57kip2 was higher in 14 days p.c. than other groups. CONCLUSION: This result shows that p27kip1 may play a role in late period of mouse placental development, and p57kip2 may play a role in middle period of mouse placental development.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Mice* ; Placenta* ; Placentation ; Pregnancy* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger

A cross sectional study was performed to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of chronic exposure of complex organic solvents, using NCTB(Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery) recommended by WHO(World Health organization). Forty female shoe factory workers and twenty-two controls matched with age were participated. The tests were performed in the morning before start of work, to exclude the effects of acute exposure. Workers were exposed mainly to toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, cyclo-hexane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, benzene, xylenes etc. The ranges of present solvent exposure of hygienic effect were 0.46~0.71 in the process using adhesives indirectly, and 1.83-2.39 in the process using it directly. We reclassified the subjects, according to cumulative exposure. It showed significantly poorer performances in high exposed group on Santa Ana Dexterity and Benton visual Retention, compared with control group. After controlling confounder, the significances were still remained. But, further cohort studies, having the information of personal exposure dose from entering a factory, are required to clarify the effects of chronic exposure of complex organic solvents in relation to dose and duration of exposure.
Adhesives ; Benzene ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Shoes ; Solvents* ; Toluene ; Trichloroethylene ; Xylenes

PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to identify the effectiveness of continued breast feeding and maternal identity between rooming-in and not rooming-in groups of mothers in post partum care. METHOD: The subjects were selected by convenient sampling, with 95 women in childbirth completing a questionnaire. The data were collected on the 2nd day after delivery by questionnaire, and after the 4th and 8th weeks by telephone interview. Measures used in this study included general characteristics, breast feeding related characteristics, and the maternal identity scale revised by Koh(1996). The data were analyzed with the SPSS program, and the Chi-test and t-test were used to identify the effect on breast feeding and maternal identity. RESULTS:Continued breast feeding up to 4 weeks after deliverly was not statistically significant between rooming-in and not rooming-in group, but beyond 8 weeks of deliverly, it was significantly different in rooming-in group(p<.01). Maternal identity was significantly higher in rooming-in group than in not rooming-in group(p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers preferred rooming-in system because it helped breast feeding and baby care. Rooming-in system provides self confidence in taking care of baby, knowledge about breast feeding and stimulates early phase lactation. We recommend rooming-in system in hospitals to promote breast feeding and maternal identity. Nurses are encouraged to discuss prenatal breast feeding before delivery and rooming-in care should be planned individually for continuation of breast feeding and formation of maternal identity.
Breast Feeding* ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Lactation ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rooming-in Care

Cyclosporine A(CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressant for transplant patients and is also used for the treatment of a wide variety of systemic diseases with immunologic disorders. However, its use is frequently limited because of complications such as nephrotoxicity or gingival hyperplasia. Although several hypotheses have been postulated for CsA-induced gingival hyperplasia, i.e. various cytokine effects of inflammatory cells, existence of plaque or CsA itself, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. For experimental chronic CsA toxicity, salt depletion has been shown to increased susceptibility of rodents to the effects of CsA, and this maneuver facilitates production of arteriolopathy and interstitial fibrosis in kidney that mimic the changes found in human. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival hyperplasia by comparing changes between CsA administration groups of normal standard diet and those of low salt diet group. Specific pathogen-free, 20 to 25 days old(120 to 150 g), male Fisher-344 rats(KIST, Korea), 120 to 150g of body weight, were assigned to four groups of six animals each after one week of adaptation period for powder food. Group 1 received olive oil(300microliter/g of diet) with normal standard diet(0.4% of sodium)(NSD). Group 2 received CsA(Cypol-N, Jonggundang, Korea; 300microgram/g of diet) with normal standard diet(NSD+CsA). Group 3 received same amount of olive oil with low salt diet(0.05 % of sodium, Teklad Premier, U.S.A.)(LSD). Group 4 received same dose of CsA with low salt diet(LSD+CsA). Rats were pair fed and were sacrificed after six weeks. Renal histologic lesions associated with CsA, consisted of cortical interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hyalinization of arterioles and the impairment of renal function including increase of serum creatinine and decrease of glomerular filtration rate was more severe in low salt diet group. These were proved as the results of activated of renin-angiotensin system in the kidney by low salt condition. Meanwhile the degree of gingival hyperplasia at incisor and molar tooth was less severe in low salt diet group compared with normal sodium diet group. Hyperplastic gingiva showed mild epithelial hyperplasia and expanded underlyng stroma which consisted of matrix increasement, capillary proliferation and dilatation. While the number and the activation of fibroblasts were increased, inflammatory cells were rare in the stroma. The immunohistochemistry for TGF-beta1 in the kidney and gingiva revealed stronger positive in LSD+CsA in kidney but in gingiva of NSD+CsA. These results suggested followings; Gingival hyperplasia can be developed without inflammatory cells infiltration and seemed not induced by CsA by itself. The major role for gingival hyperplasia by CsA would be the secondary effect of TGF-beta, which maybe upregulated by CsA administration. Low salt diet can attenuate this hyperplasia perhaps by decreasing the activation of TGF-beta.
Animals ; Arterioles ; Atrophy ; Body Weight ; Capillaries ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Diet* ; Dilatation ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Gingiva ; Gingival Hyperplasia ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incisor ; Kidney ; Korea ; Male ; Molar ; Olea ; Rats ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Rodentia ; Sodium ; Tooth ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Olive Oil

PURPOSE: To report a case of non-glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect associated with paravascular inner retinal defect (PIRD) in a patient with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old male who was diagnosed with ERM in his right eye and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in his left eye visited our clinic. His intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg in both eyes while using topical hypotensive medications in both eyes. His right eye showed no glaucomatous change of the optic disc head, and also no glaucomatous visual field defect on standard automated perimetry. Red-free fundus photography and swept-source optical coherence tomography showed an ERM and wedge-shaped RNFL defect starting from the PIRD, not the optic disc head. He was diagnosed with non-glaucomatous RNFL defect in the right eye and was told to stop using topical hypotensive medication for the right eye. After 2 years of discontinuing the medication, the IOP was within the normal range, the RNFL defect showed no progression, and the visual field remained stationary.CONCLUSIONS: A non-glaucomatous RNFL defect can develop in association with PIRD in patients with idiopathic ERM. Examinations for PIRD as well as evaluation of the optic disc head are therefore necessary in patients with ERM and RNFL defect.
Aged ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Glaucoma ; Head ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Photography ; Reference Values ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Recently, a new automated inoculating instrument, Previ Isola(R) (bioMerieux, France) was introduced. Although there are many evaluation reports about the inoculation of urine and body fluid samples using Previ Isola(R), no evaluation has been reported for blood samples. The objectives of this study were to evaluate this instrument for the inoculation of blood samples and to compare the microbiological results with the manual loop-to-plate method. METHODS: From March 2014 to July 2014, a total of 296 non-duplicate blood samples showing positive signals on the BacT/Alert 3D system were obtained, and both manual and automated methods were used for sample inoculation. Results of the two methods were compared according to five aspects: the culture result, number of single colonies, morphology of colonies, number of re-inoculations, and time required for inoculation. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of Previ Isola(R) were 98.9% and 96.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99.6% and 90.3%, respectively, and the total concordance rate was 98.6%. For Previ Isola(R) and the manual methods, the number of average usable single colonies per plate was 25 and 16, the number of re-inoculations was 60 and 62, and the inoculation time for 15 blood samples was 30 min and 75 min, respectively. The morphology of colonies showed no differences between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The automated inoculation instrument, Previ Isola(R), showed relative good concordance with manual method, with high sensitivity and high specificity for blood sample inoculation. Previ Isola(R) may be useful for inoculating specimens including blood samples.
Automation ; Body Fluids ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The majority of cardiac myxoma occur sporadically as isolated lesions in the left atrium of middle-aged women. However, a familial form and a syndrome form of this lesion have also been identified. The syndrome myxoma can present itself with pigmented skin lesions and peripheral or endocrine neoplasms. The familial and syndrome forms of cardiac myxomas can usually be distinguished from the sporadic form by their occurrences at younger ages, their unusual locations, the multicentricity of the lesions, and the presence of rare pathological conditions. In addition, a higher rate of recurrent lesions is usually associated with the familial and syndrome forms of this disease. We present a case of complex cardiac myxoma with pigmented skin lesions and breast myxoma and report it with a review of literature.
Breast ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Myxoma* ; Nipples* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Many methods are available for the monitoring of spinal cord injury during an operation. During anesthesia, somatosensily evoked potentials (SSEP) may undergo substantial changes in the latencies and amplitudes which may be interpreted as pathological. It is essential for the anesthesiologist to know the potential interactions between anesthetic drugs and neurophysiologic responses during operation. The depressant effect of inhalation agents on the central nervous system exceeds commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Therefore, intravenous anesthesia is preferred to inhalation agents. This study was designed to compare the effects of intravenous anesthetics (propofol and fentanyl) and inhalational anesthetics (enflurane and nitrous oxide) used in the operation room. METHODS: According to the inclusion criteria of ASA I-II, 40 patients who were free of neurologic disease with electric abdominal operations were randomly selected. The baseline of the SSEPs were recorded with stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle. After obtaining the baseline (preinduction) of the SSEPs, intravenous anesthetics (propofol 10 mg/kg/h, fentanyl 1 2 microgram/kg) and inhalational anesthetics (end tidal enflurane concentration 1.0 vol %, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen) were administered. 30 minutes after induction (steady state), additional SSEPs were recorded. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, temperature and arterial blood carbon dioxide tension were monitored. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline of SSEPs between the intravenous anesthetics group and the inhalational anesthetics group. There were no significant differences in latencies and amplitudes between the preanesthesia state and the postanesthetia state in the intravenous anesthetics group. But the inhalational anesthetics group revealed prolonged latencies in the postanestesia state as compared with their preanesthesia state. CONCLUSIONS: The above findings suggest that the use of intravenous anesthetics can be beneficial to intraoperative SSEP monitoring for possible damage to the central nervous system during operations.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics* ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Ankle ; Arterial Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Central Nervous System ; Enflurane ; Evoked Potentials* ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Nitrous Oxide ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Tibial Nerve

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase(MCC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme involved in the leucine metabolism. We describe a patient with MCC deficiency who manifested with Reye syndrome-like illness with status epilepticus, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, elevated liver enzymes and neurologic impairments after a viral gastroenteritis and then suffered from Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Urinary organic acid analysis revealed increased excretions of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. This patient was managed with a leucine restriction diet and supplementation of biotin and carnitine, which was not so effective. He suffered from neurologic sequelae such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, motor and cognitive impairements.
Acidosis ; Biotin ; Carnitine ; Diet ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Leucine ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Status Epilepticus