PURPOSE: We performed this study to define the characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in lower risk lesions of fibrocystic change and also tried to evaluate the role of both modalities in planning the treatment of these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 38 cases of mammography and 46 cases of ultrasonography in biopsy proven 55 cases of fibrocystic change, histologically showing the nonproliferative pattern or proliferative pattern without atypia. We analyzed the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings, final assessments, and compared the effectiveness of each modality. RESULTS: On mammography, there were no abnormalities in 20 cases(53%), nodules or masses in 9 cases(24%), microcalcifications in 6 cases(16%) and asymmetric density in 5 cases(14%). On ultrasonography, there were 40 cases(87%) of focalsonographic abnormality and no abnormality in 6 cases(13%). Most focal sonographic abnormalities were smooth(40cases, 93%), well-defined(21 cases, 49%) or ill-defined(22 cases, 51%) round or oval(36 cases, 84%) shaped, homogeneous(31 cases, 67%), hypoechoic(30 cases, 65%) lesions. Final assessment revealed that only 7 cases(18%) of mammography and 8 cases(18%) of ultrasound examinations were included into the category of indeterminate and malignancy groups which were recomended biopsy. Mammography was excellent to demonstrate the microcalcifications and ultrasonography was effective in depiction of the focal lesions. CONCLUSION: The mammography and ultrasonography findings were not specific in diagnosing lower risk group of fibrocystic change. But complementary study of both modalities in conjunction with clinical findings will be helpful in making decinion amary biopsy, fine needle aspiration, and simple close follow up of the lesions.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Mammography ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

A 69-year-old man presented with annular lichen planus involving both forearms, hand dorsa, wrists, inner sides of the thighs, knees and ankles. He was treated initially with systemic corticosteroids and etretinate, but rernission and recurr ence of the skin lesions were observed. During the follow-up, we found erythrasma on all his toewebs and both soles. After administration of erythromycin for the treatment of erythrasma, lesions of the lichen planus rapidly improved. Five months later, some lesions of lihen planus and erythrasma had recurred. After administration of erythromycin, the lesions of lichen planus improved again. No recurrence was observed for the following 8 months. We suspect that eradication of the chronic focus of infection and the anti-inflammatory effect, of erythromycin may lead to supression of abnormal immunological reactions and resolution of lichen planus.
Acitretin ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Aged ; Ankle ; Erythrasma ; Erythromycin* ; Etretinate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Thigh ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the common disease of neonate and infant but its etiology and pathogenesis are still obscure. Frequent vomiting lead to electrolyte imbalance in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. METHODS: This study is a clinical analysis of the 30 cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), that was surgically treated at the Department of Surgery, St. Columban Hospital during period of 8 years from January, 1990 to December, 1997. RESULTS: 1) The ratio of male to female was 3.3:1 and 50% of patients was first-born baby. 2) The most prevalent age group was between 3 to 4 weeks (20%). 3) The body weight percentile at admission was lower than 3 percentile in 14cases (46.7%). 4) Nonbilous projectile vomiting was noted in all cases. 5) In 15 cases (50%) of patients, the onset of symptoms was at 1 to 2 weeks of age. 6) The duration of symptoms was highest between a week to 3 weeks (50%). 7) The most frequent physical finding was palpable abdominal mass (60%). 8) At admission, clinical jaundice was noted in 3 cases (10%). 9) Hypochloremia was noted in 15 cases (50%) and hypokalemia in 6 cases (20%). 10) All cases were treated with Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy and duodenal perforation was complicated in 1 case. 11) Electrolyte abnormalities at admission did not significantly influence on the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Through the surgical treatment so called Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy after accurate and rapid correction of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, it can be cured.
Body Weight ; Dehydration ; Female ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic* ; Vomiting

One-hundred ninty five cases with Kawasaki disease who were diagnosed and treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital from January 1985 to June 1993, were investigated for their clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, and cardiac complications. The results are as follows: 1) Most patients (92.8%) were under 5 years of the age. 2) Boys were more prevalent than girls, as a ratio of 2.3 : l 3) The incidence of principal symptoms and signs were fever over 5 days (89.8%), bilateral conjunctival injection (78.5%), changes of oral mucosa and lip (82.3%), skin eruption (72.8%), changes in extremities (58.5%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (47.2%). 4) The main laboratory findings observed were anemia (29.2%), leukocytosis (90.8%), thrombocytosis (89.7%), increased ESR (85.1%), positive CRP (100%), increased sGOT (33.3%), increased sGPT (34.9%), pyuria (41.5%), proteinuria (5.6%), microscopic hematuria (9.7%), and abnormalities of EKG (23.5%). 5) Abnormal findings of the heart were found in 27.2% by echocardiogram and coronary aneurysm and dilatation were present in 19.7%. 6) Among 147 cases assessed by echocardiogram, the abnormalities of coronary artery were present in 16 of 92 cases (17.4%) in the aspirin and intravenous gammaglobulin treated group, as compared with 13 of 55 cases (23.6%) in the aspirin treated group.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Aspirin ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Heart ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Lip ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Skin ; Thrombocytosis

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the characteristic findings of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis on HRCT and to evaluate the usefulness of HRCT by compareson with chest radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: High resolution CT, chest radiographs and medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis. We analysed the size, distribution and margin of nodules, reticular or ground-glass density, parenchymal lesion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion on HRCT which were compared with chest radiographic findings. RESULTS: On HRCT, characteristic 1--2mm sized sharp or ill-defined nodular densities were randomly distributed throughout both lungs in all cases. In seven cases, the nodules were evenly scattered, but slightly more in upper lung zone in two cases, and in lower in one case. Only three cases revealed somewhat large and abundant nodules in posterior lung zone. There were findings of ill-defined margin of nodules in three cases, reticular densities in three cases and ground-glass opacity in two cases, all of which were observed within 4 weeks after onset of symptom. In one case, HRCT scan revealed a micronodular pattern in the lung parenchyma, even though chest radiographs of 2 days before were not obviously abnormal. HRCT was better to evaluate the margin of nodule and distribution than chest radiographs in four cases. Focal parenchymal lesion (n=5), pleural effusion(n=4), mediastinal lymphadenopathy(n=6) and ARDS(n=I) were also associated. CONCLUSION: HRCT could suggest a more specific diagnosis of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis with the above characteristic findings in appropriate clinical setting and normal or interstitial pattern of chest radiographs.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Medical Records ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Dandy-Walker Syndrome*

To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in IFN-gamma production and apoptosis of splenocytes in genetically different strains of mice with toxoplasmosis, BALB/c (a toxoplasmosis resistant strain) and C57BL/6 (a toxoplasmosis susceptible strain) mice were infected with Toxoplasma gondii cysts orally and subsequently injected intraperitoneally with aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor (AG; 35 mg/kg per mouse daily for 14 days). When BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. gondii without AG treatment, number of brain cysts, NO and IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, and percentages of apoptotic splenocytes were increased compared to uninfected control mice without AG treatment. AG treatment increased the number of brain cysts, and reduced NO and IFN-gamma production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in T. gondii-infected BABL/c mice, the number of brain cysts, and NO and IFN-gamma production of splenocytes was not altered by treatment with AG. However, the percentages of apoptotic splenocytes in T. gondii-infected BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were not affected by AG treatment. These results suggest that NO modulates IFN-gamma production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice, and that NO is involved in mediating a protective response in toxoplasmosis susceptible, but not resistant, mice strain during acute infection.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects/*immunology ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Guanidines/*pharmacology ; Interferon Type II/*biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide/*biosynthesis ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*immunology

Hemangiopericytoma is uncommon vascular neoplasm that arises from pericytes arround the capillary walls. It was first described as a distinct vascular neoplasm by Stout and Murray in 1942 The anatomic distribution is widespread throughout the body, with approximately one third occur in the head and neck. No sex predilection has been found. Although middle age appears to be the most prevalent time of onset, this neoplasm has been found in all age groups. The differentiation between benign and malignant hemangiopericytoma can be difficult. Although the majority of these tumors are benign, there are malignant variants that can metastasize. Metastasis of seemingly benign tumors may appear year of decade later, so long term close follow-up is needed The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision of the tumor. Despite their vascular origin, these tumors are relatively radioresistant. Radiation therapy is reserved for inoperable metastases or treatment of postoperative surgical fields. Here we present a case of hemangiopericytoma occuring on the Lt. buccal mucosa.
Capillaries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pericytes ; Vascular Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether or not previously known CT criteria for differentiating malignant and benign pleural diseases are useful in the differentiation of diffuse malignant pleural diseases and tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed CT scans of 42 patients comprising 20 cases of malignant pleural diseases and 22 cases of tuberculous pleural diseases, according to previously known CT criteria for differentiating malignant and benign pleural diseases. RESULTS: The most common shape of pleural effusion was crescentic in malignant pleural diseases and loculated in tuberculosis. The aggressive nature of pleural effusion, pleural rind, and pleura thickenign was 1.5 times more frequently observed in malignant pleural diseases than in tuberculosis. Smooth thickening or smooth nodular pleural thickening and extrapleural deposition of fat were 1.5 times more frequently found in tuberculous than in malignant pleural diseases. Interruption of pleural thickening was found twice as frequently in malignant pleural diseases as in tuberculosis. Decreased lung volume was found twice as frequently in tuberculous as in malignant pleural diseases. Anatomical mediastinal pleural involvement was three times, and irregular nodular pleural thickening nine times more frequent in malignant pleural diseases than in tuberculosis. The sensitivity and specificity of CT findings above 70%, and thus suggesting malignant pleural diseases, were as follows: 1) aggressive nature of pleural fluid collection extending to the azygoesophageal recess or tongue of the lung (51.5%, 75%); 2) involvement of anatomical mediastinal pleura (69.2%,73.7%); 3) irregular nodular pleural thickening (87.5%, 69%). CONCLUSION: Although there in overlap between previously known CT criteria for the differentiation of benign and malignant pleural diseases, the aggressive nature of pleural fluid collection extending to the azygoesophageal recess or tongue of the lung, the involvement of anatomical mediastinal pleura and irregular nodular pleural thickening may suggest malignant pleural diseases.
Humans ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pleural Diseases* ; Pleural Effusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tongue ; Tuberculosis*