Tamoxifen and radiotherapy are used in breast cancer treatment worldwide. Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD), induced by tamoxifen, has been rarely reported. Herein, we report a RRD case induced by tamoxifen. A 47-year-old woman had a right quadrantectomy and an axillary lymph node dissection due to breast cancer. The tumor was staged pT2N0; it was hormone receptor positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen and radiotherapy. After 22 months of tamoxifen, the patient developed a localized heating sensation, tenderness, edema, and redness at the irradiated area of the right breast. The symptoms improved within 1 week without treatment. Three weeks later, however, the patient developed similar symptoms in the same area of the breast. She continued tamoxifen before and during dermatitis, and symptoms resolved within 1 week.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Dermatitis ; Edema ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Middle Aged ; Radiodermatitis* ; Radiotherapy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Sensation ; Tamoxifen*

This study was conducted to investigate preference for convenience food and dietary attitude in college students in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area. This study used a questionnaires as instrument tool. Thequestionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, the valuation of preference for convenience, the concern of nutrition, and the dietary attitude. The subject were 199 males and 137 females. The mean age of subjects was 22.4+/-2.3year. The results have been summarized as follows Male students preferred more convenience food than females. Male students liked chicken, ice cream, ramyeon, pizza.hamburgerandfemalestudentslikedchicken,pizza, ice cream, ramyeon.hamburger. The kinds of convenience foods for a substitute meal were ramyeon, hamburger, bread, potato in male group and female group had frequently ramyeon, hamburger, bread, rice cake for a substitute meal. Male students were more likely to eat ramyeon (p<0.01) and purchased sabalmyeon The subjects used to purchase sabalmyeon as main convenience food at convenient store The score of preference for convenience food in male group was higher than female group. The score of attitude toward balanced diet in female group was higher than male group(p<0.01). In scores of concern for nutrition information, balanced diet, and nutrition knowledge, Female group had higher scores of concern for nutrition information, balanced diet, and nutrition knowledge than that of male group (p<0.01).There was no significant difference in the degree of preference for packing types, however, Male group tended to prefer more micro wave type than female group. The persons to affect the consumption of convenience food were friends. There was no significant difference in the time of purchase convenience food, however, Male tended to purchase convenience food at the time of snack than female group. As a results, proper nutritional education and qualitative development of convenience food are required in order to improve the consuming attitude of consumers and their preference for convenience food.
Bread ; Chickens ; Diet ; Education ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Ice Cream ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul* ; Snacks ; Solanum tuberosum

The effects of retrograded rice on body weight gain, gut functions, and hypolipidemic actions in rats were examined. When the retrograded rice was produced by repetitive heating and cooling cycles, it contained significantly higher amounts of resistant starch (13.9 +/- 0.98%) than is found in common rice (9.1 +/- 1.02%) (P < 0.05). Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either common rice powder or retrograded rice powder, and mean body weight gain was significantly lower in the retrograded rice group (P < 0.05). The liver weight of the retrograded rice group (14.5 +/- 0.5 g) was significantly lower than that of the common rice group (17.1 +/- 0.3 g, P < 0.05). However, the weights of other organs, such as the kidney, spleen, thymus, and epididymal fat pad were not significantly affected by rice feeding. Intestinal transit time tended to be lower in rats fed retrograded rice when compared to rats fed the common rice, but the difference was not significant. The retrograded rice diet significantly increased stool output when compared to that in the common rice powder diet (P < 0.05), whereas fecal moisture content (%) was significantly higher in the retrograded rice group (23.3 +/- 1.2) than that in the common rice group (19.1 +/- 1.2) (P < 0.05). The retrograded rice group had significantly lower plasma cholesterol (P < 0.05), liver cholesterol (P < 0.05), and triacylglycerol contents in adipose tissue (P < 0.05) when compared to those in the common rice group. In conclusion, retrograded rice had higher resistant starch levels compared with those of common rice powder, and it lowered body weight gain and improved lipid profiles and gut function in rats.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Kidney ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Plasma ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; Starch ; Thymus Gland ; Triglycerides ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sebaceous Glands*

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of Suwon 464 developed by Rural Development Administration, which has over two times of dietary fiber content compared with normal rice (Ilpum), on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 5 kinds of experimental diets (corn starch diet as a control (CO), Ilpum polished rice diet (IP), Ilpum brown rice diet (IB), polished rice diet (SP) and brown rice diet (SB) of Suwon 464) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks, after analyzing dietary fiber contents of 5 experimental diets. Diet intake, body weight, organ weights, and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. The dietary fiber contents in CO, IP, IB, SP, and SB diets were 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4, and 2.0% respectively. Body weight and liver and epididymal fat pad weights were lower in SB group than the other groups though there was no significant difference in diet intake among experimental groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride was lower in SP and SB groups than CO and IP groups. The levels of hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol were significantly lower in SP and SB groups than CO group, and the level of hepatic triglyceride was lower in IB, SP and SB groups than CO group. The levels of total lipid and triglyceride excreted in feces were higher in IB, SP and SB, and the level of total cholesterol in feces was higher in SP and SB groups than CO group. These results suggested that the high dietary fiber rice (Suwon 464) decrease the triglyceride or total cholesterol concentrations of serum and liver by increasing of fecal lipid excretion in diabetic mice.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber* ; Feces ; Gyeonggi-do ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Liver ; Mice* ; Organ Size ; Social Planning ; Starch ; Triglycerides ; Weights and Measures

Melanin is a pigment produced from tyrosine in melanocytes. Although melanin has a protective role against UVB radiation-induced damage, it is also associated with the development of melanoma and darker skin tone. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which regulates the rate-limiting step during conversion of tyrosine into DOPA and dopaquinone. To develop effective RNA interference therapeutics, we designed a melanin siRNA pool by applying multiple prediction programs to reduce human tyrosinase levels. First, 272 siRNAs passed the target accessibility evaluation using the RNAxs program. Then we selected 34 siRNA sequences with ΔG ≥−34.6 kcal/mol, i-Score value ≥65, and siRNA scales score ≤30. siRNAs were designed as 19-bp RNA duplexes with an asymmetric 3′ overhang at the 3′ end of the antisense strand. We tested if these siRNAs effectively reduced tyrosinase gene expression using qRT-PCR and found that 17 siRNA sequences were more effective than commercially available siRNA. Three siRNAs further tested showed an effective visual color change in MNT-1 human cells without cytotoxic effects, indicating these sequences are anti-melanogenic. Our study revealed that human tyrosinase siRNAs could be efficiently designed using multiple prediction algorithms.
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Monophenol Monooxygenase* ; RNA ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering* ; Skin Pigmentation ; Tyrosine ; Weights and Measures

The gradual loss of telomeric DNA can contribute to replicative senescence and thus, having longer telomeric DNA is generally considered to provide a longer lifespan. Maintenance and stabilization of telomeric DNA is assisted by binding of multiple DNA-binding proteins, including those involved in double strand break (DSB) repair. We reasoned that declining DSB repair capacity and increased telomere shortening in aged individuals may be associated with decreased expression of DSB repair proteins capable of telomere binding. Our data presented here show that among the DSB repair proteins tested, only the expression of Ku70 and Mre11 showed statistically significant age-dependent changes in human lymphocytes. Furthermore, we found that expressions of Ku70 and Mre11 are statistically correlated, which indicate that the function of Ku70 and Mre11 may be related. All the other DSB repair proteins tested, Sir2, TRF1 and Ku80, did not show any significant differences upon aging. In line with these data, people who live in the regional community (longevity group), which was found to have statistically longer average life span than the rest area, shows higher level of Ku70 expression than those living in the neighboring control community. Taken together, our data show, for the first time, that Ku70 and Mre11 may represent new biomarkers for aging and further suggest that maintenance of higher expression of Ku70 and Mre11 may be responsible for keeping longer life span observed in the longevity group.
Telomere/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Longevity ; Humans ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Antigens, Nuclear/*metabolism ; Aging/*physiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

BACKGROUND: Clinical syndrome of leptospirosis in Korea which accompanied by hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure was quite different from that of typical Weil's disease. The death rate in the early stage of disease has relationship with chest X-ray findings and acid-base disturbances resulted from hypoxia and asphyxia. We've come to consider chest X-ray findings and arterial blood gas findings as factors influencing the prognosis of the disease. METHODS: Forty one cases of leptospirosis diagnosed by acute febrille illness symptoms and serologic tests were graded for chest X-ray findings and grouped according to acid-base abnormalities. Retrospectively, we attempted to correlate the acid-base disturbances and chest X-ray findings with morbidity and mortality of the disease. RESULTS: The result were as follows. 1) Abnormal chest X-ray findings were observed in 30 cases(73%). Mortalities according to the chest X-ray findings were 0(0%), 2(17%), 3(0%), 4(0%), 5(33%), 6(50%) and chest X-ray findings influenced the mortality with statistical significance(p<0.05). 2) Acid-base abnormalities were observed in 39 cases(95%) and the types were divided to six groups . Respiratory alkalosis was the most common acid-base disturbance(44%). Five cases were died. Two of five were respiratory alkalosis, two cases were mixed respiratory metabolic acidosis and another case was mixed respiratory-metabolic alkalosis. As shown, acid-base abnormality influenced the mortality and mixed acid-base disturbances were showed high mortality with statistical significance (p<0.05). 3) Total mortality was 12%(five of forty-one). The chest X-ray score, morbidity, pH, pCO2, pO2, and HCO3 were 5.0 +/- 0.8, 3.4 +/- 1,3, 7.16 +/- 0.17, 32.5 +/- 1.1, 43.3 +/- 13.4 and 17.6 +/- 3.1 in died group, 2.4 +/- 0.4, 12.7 +/- 1.0, 7.46 +/- 0.01, 48.8 +/- 13.4, 65.4 +/- 3.7 and 23.4 +/- 0.9 in recovery group, respectively. There was difference between two groups with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In this study, we concluded that chest X-ray findings and acid-base abnormalities influenced the mortality of leptospirosis. The factors above mentioned make us consider chest X-ray and blood gas analysis are essential to the patient hospitalized for the suspicion of leptospirosis. Especially, these factors pointed out the patient having chest X-ray abnormalities and mixed acid-base disturbances needed intensive care in the early stage of leptospirosis.
Acidosis ; Alkalosis ; Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Anoxia ; Asphyxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Critical Care ; Korea ; Leptospirosis* ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Serologic Tests ; Thorax* ; Weil Disease